Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and War on Terror - 1650 Words

Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror (Essay Sample) Content: Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and War on Terror NameInstitution Introduction As the United States experienced fresh threats to national security in the wake of the unprecedented 9/ 11 suicide attacks, the countrys domestic and foreign policy underwent a series of dramatic changes (Van Bergen, 2003). Even as the demise of Osama bin Laden marked an important milestone in the US-led war on terror, it appears as though the government still violates certain fundamental human rights and civil liberties. By just about every measure, the government still spies on its citizens, as uncovered in the 2013 Snowden-NSA dossier. Likewise, suspected terrorists are denied equal protection and the due process through unlawful detention under the auspices of the Patriot Act (Segev, 2005). Suspension of habeas corpus for enemy combatants during the war on terror has sparked mixed reactions. As many welcomed the move citing security concerns, others expressed disgrace with what they te rmed sheer abuse of liberty. One could even say that this amounts to reckless disregard of human rights and civil liberties occurring in the pretext of national security. While it is reasonable to ask citizens to sacrifice some of their rights and freedoms for the greater good of the nation, the manner in which the state infringes on civil liberties may raise certain concerns. Protection of basic rights and liberties should supersede any other consideration. Habeas Corpus Professor Nathaniel Whitmore of Stanford University explains that the writ of Habeas Corpus is a legal remedy issued as a summons in the form of a court order (Doyle, 2006). It allows common law courts to determine the legality of any form of detention; it requires the custodian to present the court with proof that the detention in question is lawful and that the custodian has legal authority over the matter. If the court finds that the custodian has superseded their authority in any way, the prisoner is released u nder the auspice of habeas corpus as a legal remedy. Any detainee is as such eligible to petition the court for a writ of habeas corpus. It is worthy to note that the writ of habeas corpus is merely a procedural remedy. This is to say that it only protects prisoners from unlawful detention and does not necessarily address other rights such as right to fair trial or assistance to counsel. If the prisoners in question have no capacity to facilitate their own trial, habeas corpus may not apply as a remedy (Freedman, 2001).The underlying legal principle in habeas corpus is protection of individual liberty as stipulated under the constitutions of Commonwealth countries. In the United States, it occurs under the purview of the Bill of Rights. Habeas corpus traces its roots in England. The first documented usage was in 1305 as it were habeas corpus ad subjiciendum (Freedman, 2001). The Crown to the thirteen American colonies in the New World later applied it. In present-day United States, the constitution unequivocally stipulates the habeas procedure in Article 1, Section 9. As a legal remedy, habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless in face of extenuating circumstances such as rebellion or invasion of public security. During the Civil War days and the Reconstruction era, Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Ulysses Grant (respectively) suspended habeas corpus citing the suspension clause of Article 1 (Freedman, 2001). 9/11, Patriot Act, and Civil LibertiesSeptember 11, 2001 commonly referred to as 9/ 11 was marked by premeditated and coordinated terrorist attacks that targeted New York City and Washington D.C. (Segev, 2005). In the infamous Letter to America, Osama bin Laden claimed responsibility accusing the US of occupying the holiest of places in the Arabian Peninsula, humiliating its religion, undermining its culture, and imposing their imperial western civilization. Bin Laden warned that the United States was too close to Mecca (Herman, 2011). In the wake of 9/ 11, the US Congress convened to enact the landmark Patriot Act in a series of rushed deliberations with the aim of countering the terrorist menace (Brasch, 2005). To the American people, the enactment of the Patriot Act appeared to be a measure of national security. Some say that nobody even bothered to read the Patriot Act. If they had, they would have scrapped the parts that allowed for the blatant disregard of civil liberties through unlawful detention. The Patriot Act practically suspended habeas corpus for suspected terrorists in the detention camp in Guantanamo Bay (Segev, 2005).Human rights watchdogs accused the Bush administration of using the war on terror as a loophole to detain unlawfully enemy combatants and denying them their right to minimal judicial review as provided in the writ of habeas corpus. Such extra-judicial detentions sparked widespread outrage. While many welcomed the move citing security concerns, others expressed disgrace with what they termed sheer abus e of liberty. The Bill of Rights protects individual rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Denying enemy combatants their right to due process is a blatant constitutional violation. Debate on this issue continued as public opinion remained sharply divided (Herman, 2011). As the democrats advocate for human rights and civil liberties, the republicans maintain that citizens must sacrifice these privileges in face of threats to national security. As such, the war against terrorism has since become a partisan political issue in the United States. While it is reasonable to ask citizens to sacrifice some of their rights and freedoms for the greater good of the nation, the manner in which the state infringes on civil liberties may raise certain concerns. For instance, when the government uses this as an opportunity to wage disingenuous political agenda at the expense of the citizens then it becomes unjustifiable (Herman, 2011). The suspension of habeas corpus for enemy comb atants, however beneficial in times of distress, amounts to abuse of liberty. It is not a question of whether it is right or wrong since clearly this particular debate could go on ad infinitum; it is a mere indication that there is a better way to go about it, a way that does not involve blatant abuse of civil liberties. In the modern age, humanity ought to have come up with a better solution to the war on terrorism. Sources retrieved from the annals indicate that the Patriot Act dramatically eased restrictions on federal regulations to gather both foreign and domestic intelligence, arrest and detain suspected terrorists, and to conduct unwarranted searches and seizures. Law enforcement agencies gained the mandate to infringe on civil liberties and violate basic human rights. This has been perpetuated through media propaganda and deceptive framing in a way that causes hysteria, mutual suspicion and pervasive feelings of insecurity (Van Bergen, 2003). Through the Patriot Act, the US Congress extended the authority of the federal government to conduct undue surveillance on aliens (lone wolves) and citizens in which there was probable cause to believe that they were engaging in terrorist related activities. It eased the legal restriction on domestic wiretapping subsequently granting federal law enforcement agencies gained the mandate to intercept email conversations, phone logs, messaging and other forms of communicative interactions between citizens and aliens on American soil. Observers expressed concerns that violating the privacy of American citizens calling it treacherous slope since there is real foreseeable danger. Undue surveillance leaves citizens overexposed and vulnerable in such a way that it hurts more than it helps. It is reasonable, therefore, to argue that undue surveillance risks the wellbeing of citizens and not guarantee safety as per the common misperception. A section of scholars have taken issue with the manner in which the federal governmen t denied suspected terrorist the due process of law as stipulated under the constitution. The government even commissioned the establishment of a torture chamber in Guantanamo Bay. This amounts to gross violation of human rights and civil liberties. There is another clause in the patriot act dubbed enhanced surveillance procedures. (Van Bergen, 2003)Likewise, the Terrorist Bombings Convention Implementation Act of 2002 introduced yet another capital offense punishable via execution s...

Trace the Development and Change in the Place of Worship...

So we can say that the beginning of worship started first with sacrifice Since the sacrifice is practice of worship. which we can see in the Genesis 4:3-4(And in process of time it came to pass, that Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering unto the LORD.And Abel, he also brought of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof. And the LORD had respect unto Abel and to his offering). Another sacrificial worship we find that Noah making sacrifice and God is pleased in it in Genesis 8:20-21(And Noah builded an altar unto the LORD; and took of every clean beast, and of every clean fowl, and offered burnt offerings on the altar.And the LORD smelled a sweet savour; and the LORD said in his heart, I will not again curse the†¦show more content†¦Books of Exodus and Leviticus gives detail and specific instruction on how to carry the worship and sacrifice service. Over and over is scripture that God commanded Israelites to worship Him(Deuteronomy 6:13 says, You shall fear only the Lord your God; and you shall worship Him and swear by His name. Exodus 33:10 says, When all the people saw the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance of the tent, all the people would arise and worship, each at the entrance of his tent.). From Moses to till the time of Kind David, the worship place was temporary. King David expressed his desire to to build a permanent place of worship. However God didn’t permit to build since he was man of war, who had shed much human blood(1 Chronicles 22:7-9 7 David said to Solomon: My son, I had it in my heart to build a house for the Name of the LORD my God. 8 But this word of the LORD came to me: You have shed much blood and have fought many wars. You are not to build a house for my Name, because you have shed much blood on the earth in my sight. 9 But you will have a son who will be a man of peace and rest, and I will give him rest from all his enemies on every side. His name will be Solomon, and I will grant Israel pea ce and quiet during his reign.) So Solomon carries this duty to build temple.The temple was similar to the tabernacle in that they were largely devoted to sacrificial worship. But they were also places for prayers (1 Kings 8:22-53; Isaiah 56:7;

The Art of War - 1441 Words

THE ART OF WAR REACTION PAPER Sun Tzu, the author of The Art of War, wrote one of the oldest and famous books to be written in history. The Art of War, is a Chinese military treatise that has become more than just for military use, it’s utilized in almost all aspects of today’s world. Businesses, sports, politics, education, and so many more have interpreted The Art of War and used it in their everyday lives. The Art of War portrays fighting as a guide serving a dual purpose, suggesting that strategy is not just useful for fighting but for achieving success in life. There are many quotes by Sun Tzu that relates my personal struggles and accomplishments over the course of my life. â€Å"Can you imagine what I would do if I could do all I†¦show more content†¦In my case, invincibility was my victory, my attack. My offense was my defense. â€Å"There are not more than five musical notes, yet the combinations of these five give rise to more melodies than can ever be heard. There are not more than five primary colours, yet in combination they produce more hues than can ever been seen. There are not more than five cardinal tastes, yet combinations of them yield more flavours than can ever be tasted.† (Tzu) The key things that come to mind when I hear this quote is diversity and teamwork. Diversity, a term not to describe just human race but diversity in mind sets, personality, and ideas. Teamwork is working together to achieve something great. Sun Tzu’s expression in the combination of five musical notes give rise to more melodies than can ever be heard is saying with diversity and teamwork can arise something beyond great. Strength comes in numbers. At Johnson amp; Wales, working in teams and groups is what they’re infamous for. In my personal experience, not every group work resulted in greatness; however I’ve had some positive experience. In my tradeshow class there’s five individuals, with five distinctive personalities, in one group working on a term project. It may seem chaotic; on the contrary, it had amazing results. I expressed some ideas about what to do for tradeshow ideas, and then other members of the team would heighten my ideas to areas that I would’ve never even considered. Working together didn’t alwaysShow MoreRelatedWar On The War Of Art1658 Words   |  7 PagesWar in Art Introduction Everybody thinks they know what art should be. But very few of them have the sense that is necessary to experience painting, that is the sense of sight, that sees colors and forms as living reality in the picture. -- Otto Dix (Mulch, page 1) War in art. It was not an easy job and yet to this day has not gotten easier. There are two different sides when it comes to war art. On one side, the artists are going out onto the battlefield during the horrifying war so that theyRead MoreThe Art of War1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Art of War - a brief analysis The Art of War is one of the oldest and most successful books on military strategy. It composed of 13 chapters, each of which is based on philosophy, used the idea of philosophy to observe the war, discussed and find out the general rule of war. Though it is very short, it devoted to one aspect of warfare. The Art of War has a perfect logic system. These 13 chapters, no matter more or less will influence the main idea. Just like the first chapter is Laying PlansRead MoreThe Art of War1877 Words   |  8 Pagesstrategist known as Sun Tzu wrote one of the enduring classics of military theory. Most likely written during a period of Chinese history referred to as the ‘Warring States’ period, Sun Tzu’s The Art of War has continued to be studied by military strategists for millennia. Even today, The Art of War is required reading for Naval Officer Candidates. At nearly the same time in the fourth century B.C., the Greek city-states were facing invasion from the mighty Persian army. Vastly outnumbered, theRead MoreArt in War 2048 Words   |  8 PagesArt in War A pioneer of artistic influence in American culture, Frederick Childe Hassam led the revolution of art in the World War I era. In the midst of a world crisis, Hassam became a trailblazer of his own technique; he promoted a new form of Impressionism that not only reinforced the subtlety and free-flow style of French Impressionism, but also reinforced the vivacity and tenacity that he wanted to express. Amalgamating the techniques of French Impressionism with the nationalistic valuesRead MoreThe Art of War Analysis1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe Art of War Analysis The Art of War was one of our world’s first written documents that dealt with militaristic strategies and advancements. The book was written by a Chinese military leader named Sun Tzu, who commanded and analyzed his military over the Warring States Period of China. Sun Tzu produced this text in an attempt to provide future military advantages for the Chinese, but The Art of War’s ideas eventually spread to neighboring civilizations and empires. The ideas and facts expressedRead MoreArt of War Summary1109 Words   |  5 PagesArt of War is a famous Chinese military strategy book written by Sun Tzu, an ancient Chinese military general. He was famous during his time and for his work entitled Art of War, which made him known even up to our century. According to Wallace (2010), Sun Tzu is the author of one of the most prominent pieces of literature during the era of the Warring States in which China entered around the first millennium B.C.E. In this work of art Sun Tzu tak es a rational approach to the problem of conflictRead MoreArt of War Summary1109 Words   |  5 PagesArt of War is a famous Chinese military strategy book written by Sun Tzu, an ancient Chinese military general. He was famous during his time and for his work entitled Art of War, which made him known even up to our century. According to Wallace (2010), Sun Tzu is the author of one of the most prominent pieces of literature during the era of the Warring States in which China entered around the first millennium B.C.E. In this work of art Sun Tzu takes a rational approach to the problem of conflictRead MoreThe Prince And The Art Of War890 Words   |  4 PagesGeneral: During the early European renaissance, military and political influencer Niccolo Machiavelli published several influential works, including The Prince and The Art of War. His work s greatest impacts were expanding on the brutal nature of realpolitik and realism to maintain peace within a highly competitive system and pr omoting the war manpower shift from mercenaries to citizen militias with buy-in. Many nation-states use his political and military ideals as a basis for their own statecraft andRead MoreThe Art of War for Managers1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe Art of War for Managers While â€Å"The Art of War† was written by Sun Tzu during the 6th century B.C., long before the colonization of the Americas, the onslaught of the Crusades, and before the Persian Wars of around 490 B.C., it remains relevant to this day. There is also strong evidence that the work inspired Napoleon and was used in the planning of Operation Desert Storm. â€Å"The Art of War† has withstood the sands of time due to its simplistic approach, and its applicability to non-militaryRead MoreThe Art of War Essays2163 Words   |  9 PagesThe earliest known writings on war did not take the form of treatises but narratives. Poems, such as those by Homer and the Epic of Gilgamesh glorified heroes while prose accounts carved into Egyptian, Assyrian, and Babylonian monuments described individual campaigns and battles. However, these tales with their gods and godlike heroes may or may not have contained any historical truths. In China a third type of military writing emerged. Afte r the fall of the Chou (c. 400 BC) China divided into principalities

Multithreaded Delphi Database Queries With dbGo (ADO)

By design, a Delphi application runs in one thread. To speed up some parts of the application you might want to decide to add several simultaneous paths of execution in your Delphi application. Multithreading in Database Applications In most scenarios, database applications you create with Delphi are single threaded—a query you run against the database needs to finish (processing of the query results) before you can fetch another set of data. To speed up data processing, for example, fetching data from the database to create reports, you can add an additional thread to fetch and operate on the result (recordset). Continue reading to learn about the 3 traps in multithreaded ADO database queries: Solve: CoInitialize was not called.Solve: Canvas does not allow drawing.Main TADoConnection cannot be used! Customer Order Scenario In the well-known scenario where a customer places orders containing items, you might need to display all the orders for a particular customer along the total number of items per each order. In a normal single threaded application you would need to run the query to fetch the data then iterate over the recordset to display the data. If you want to run this operation for more than one customer, you need to sequentially run the procedure for each of the selected customers. In a multithreaded scenario you can run the database query for every selected customer in a separate thread—and thus have the code execute several times faster. Multithreading in dbGO (ADO) Lets say you want to display orders for 3 selected customers in a Delphi list box control. type   Ã‚  TCalcThread class(TThread)  Ã‚  private   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  procedure RefreshCount;  Ã‚  protected   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  procedure Execute; override;  Ã‚  public   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ConnStr : widestring;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  SQLString : widestring;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ListBox : TListBox;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Priority: TThreadPriority;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  TicksLabel : TLabel;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ticks : Cardinal;   Ã‚  end; This is the interface part of a custom thread class we are going to use to fetch and operate on all the orders for a selected customer. Every order gets displayed as an item in a list box control (ListBox field). The ConnStr field holds the ADO connection string. The TicksLabel holds a reference to a TLabel control that will be used to display thread executing times in a synchronized procedure. The RunThread procedure creates and runs an instance of the TCalcThread thread class. function TADOThreadedForm.RunThread(SQLString: widestring; LB:TListBox; Priority: TThreadPriority; lbl : TLabel): TCalcThread;var   Ã‚  CalcThread : TCalcThread; begin   Ã‚  CalcThread : TCalcThread.Create(true) ;   Ã‚  CalcThread.FreeOnTerminate : true;   Ã‚  CalcThread.ConnStr : ADOConnection1.ConnectionString;   Ã‚  CalcThread.SQLString : SQLString;   Ã‚  CalcThread.ListBox : LB;   Ã‚  CalcThread.Priority : Priority;   Ã‚  CalcThread.TicksLabel : lbl;   Ã‚  CalcThread.OnTerminate : ThreadTerminated;   Ã‚  CalcThread.Resume;   Ã‚  Result : CalcThread; end; When the 3 customers are selected from the drop down box, we create 3 instances of the CalcThread: var   Ã‚  s, sg: widestring;   Ã‚  c1, c2, c3 : integer; begin   Ã‚  s : SELECT O.SaleDate, MAX(I.ItemNo) AS ItemCount   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   FROM Customer C, Orders O, Items I   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   WHERE C.CustNo O.CustNo AND I.OrderNo O.OrderNo ;   Ã‚  sg : GROUP BY O.SaleDate ;   Ã‚  c1 : Integer(ComboBox1.Items.Objects[ComboBox1.ItemIndex]) ;   Ã‚  c2 : Integer(ComboBox2.Items.Objects[ComboBox2.ItemIndex]) ;   Ã‚  c3 : Integer(ComboBox3.Items.Objects[ComboBox3.ItemIndex]) ;   Ã‚  Caption : ;   Ã‚  ct1 : RunThread(Format(%s AND C.CustNo %d %s,[s, c1, sg]), lbCustomer1, tpTimeCritical, lblCustomer1) ;   Ã‚  ct2 : RunThread(Format(%s AND C.CustNo %d %s,[s, c2, sg]), lbCustomer2, tpNormal,lblCustomer2) ;   Ã‚  ct3 : RunThread(Format(%s AND C.CustNo %d %s,[s, c3, sg]), lbCustomer3, tpLowest, lblCustomer3) ; end; Traps and Tricks With Multithreaded ADO Queries The main code goes in the threads Execute method: procedure TCalcThread.Execute;var   Ã‚  Qry : TADOQuery;   Ã‚  k : integer; begin  Ã‚  inherited;  Ã‚  CoInitialize(nil) ; //CoInitialize was not called   Ã‚  Qry : TADOQuery.Create(nil) ;  Ã‚  try// MUST USE OWN CONNECTION // Qry.Connection : Form1.ADOConnection1;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qry.ConnectionString : ConnStr;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qry.CursorLocation : clUseServer;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qry.LockType : ltReadOnly;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qry.CursorType : ctOpenForwardOnly;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qry.SQL.Text : SQLString;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qry.Open;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  while NOT Qry.Eof and NOT Terminated do   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ListBox.Items.Insert(0, Format(%s - %d, [Qry.Fields[0].asString,Qry.Fields[1].AsInteger])) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  //Canvas Does NOT Allow Drawing if not called through Synchronize   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Synchronize(RefreshCount) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qry.Next;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  end;  Ã‚  finally   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qry.Free;   Ã‚  end;   Ã‚  CoUninitialize() ; end; There are 3 traps you need to know how to solve when creating multithreaded Delphi ADO database applications: CoInitialize and CoUninitialize must be called manually before using any of the dbGo objects. Failing to call CoInitialize will result in the CoInitialize was not called exception. The CoInitialize method initializes the COM library on the current thread. ADO is COM.You *cannot* use the TADOConnection object from the main thread (application). Every thread needs to create its own database connection.You must use the Synchronize procedure to talk to the main thread and access any controls on the main form.

Harrison Bergeron Theme Essay - 852 Words

Kurt Vonnegut’s unique story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron,† displays a theme which is a warning about the dangers of equality, which is equality is a hindrance to an individual’s success and society’s success, but this hindrance is ironically, unequal. In the story, Harrison and his bride are arrested for their unwillingness and inability to stay within the bounds of equality enforced by the Handicapper General. Equality hinders the success of an individual like the weights hinder the beauty and grace of the ballerinas in the story. Equality doesn’t promote everyone to be equally better, but to be unequally worse. Handicaps are no use in ensuring equality, because one’s strengths will always shine through, such as Harrison’s strength and wit, or the†¦show more content†¦The only thing preventing Harrison from success; was the only true thing that ensures equality - the firearm, which Diana Moon Glampers just happened to have. That is why it is nicknamed â€Å"the Great Equalizer;† because strength or speed are no match for a speeding bullet. The firearm does not enforce equality in the same way as enforced as in the society in â€Å"Harrison Bergeron,† it strengthens the individual rather than weakening them. Ironically, Glampers manipulates this, allowing a frail little woman (suggested by her odd name), to stand up to a strong, brolic man, proving this hindrance is inherently unequal. Some may argue while equality is still a hinderance; it still is universally equal, instead of being unequal as the theme displays â€Å"equality† to be. They may argue this because of the supposed success of the handicaps, because they inhibit thought, strength, or agility, making sure nobody is superior to anybody else. This is shown by Hazel and George within the text. Hazel is extremely dull, and George is exceptionally smart, but they are both equal, thanks to handicaps. However, this is not always the case, as shown with Harrison and his would-be bride. Harrison’s handicaps are extremely heavy, to ensure that he is equal to everyone else. But he isn’t, being significantly stronger and smarter than everybody else, even with his handicaps. This displays the hindrance that is equality to be unequal. RightShow MoreRelatedHarrison Bergeron Essay Theme862 Words   |  4 PagesHarrison Bergeron Essay The year is 2081, and Harrison Bergeron is a boy living in a society where all the people must be equal. The government is brainwashing everyone to believe that’s true, but Harrison sees what’s really happening. He is one of the smartest people in the society, but thats what gets him into trouble. Because he is so smart the government believes he wants to overthrow them. They take him away from home and put him in jail. The theme I pulled out of this story is one that weRead MoreThe Subject Of `` Harrison Bergeron By Kurt Vonnegut1507 Words   |  7 PagesThe subject of â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut is equality. The theme of this short story is that society should make an effort to value individuality and fairness, in which everyone receives what they need to prosper, instead of universal equality. The forms used to elevate this subject and theme are point of view, syntax, characterization, irony, and humor. The point of view in â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† is third person with limited insight. The focal character is George Bergeron, the titular character’sRead MoreEssay about Uniformity and Deformity in Harrison Bergeron946 Words   |  4 PagesUniformity and Deformity in Harrison Bergeron In this essay, I will attempt to explore what Kurt Vonnegut illustrated in his short story Harrison Bergeron--the fact that uniformity (of any kind) leads to the loss of individuality, and therefore to absolute deformity of humanness. The year was 2081, and everybody was finally equal, the story begins. They werent only equal before God and the law. They were equal in every which way. (Vonnegut 1968:7) In this hauntingRead MoreHarrison Bergeron1095 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut Jr. â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut Jr. is a story literally exaggerated to its limit by showing, in the near future, what it means to be equal in every way by having people not being able to show any form of intelligence or creativity whatsoever. When Harrison Bergeron breaks the chains of government oppression, he dies for his failed cause. He dies because he chooses not to conform to the rest of his oppressive society. His parents, George andRead MoreEssay on Between Harrison Bergeron and aP1076 Words   |  5 PagesTim Kenda English 102 Short Story Essay 2/28/10 Heroism Through Choice When people think of heroes, they often think of muscle bound men in spandex with unrealistic powers of flight, strength, or x-ray vision. But in real life, heroes are often determined based on the smallest of situations and their outcomes. In both of the stories I have chosen (AP and Harrison Bergeron), the main characters are classified as heroes because of their willingness to defy the authoritive forces aroundRead MoreTotalitarianism in Orwells Mind Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pagestheir leader. They rule the farm with an iron fist, utilizing the fact that the other farm animals are far less intelligent than them. â€Å"Harrison Bergeron†, a short story created by author Kurt Vonnegut, is about the United States in the 2080s, where people are equal due to devices that handicap their strengths. The dynamic, god-like character, Harrison Bergeron, is able to break free from his handicaps, but in the end is killed by an executive within the US Government. The authors of th ese novelsRead MoreReflection Of The Literature Class873 Words   |  4 PagesThe following is a reflective essay that will elaborate on what I have achieved on the Literature class that was about sixteen weeks longs. The first week was doing introduction to ourselves in divided groups of other students. Through the discussion board everyone had a chance to talk about themselves, basic background history, interests, major career and the what one hopes to learn from the Literature class. The following are few of the topics that caught my eye during the quarter which includesRead MoreA Dystopia Is Not A Contemporary Idea2159 Words   |  9 Pagessociety which usually has the intent to make equality an opportunity for all. 1984 and â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† are two examples of dystopia literature. In each, technological advances and psychological stimuli is designed to overwhelm an individuals thought. Based upon these pieces of literature, is it possible for a utopia exist? For clarification purposes, there are some definitions to keep in mind when reading this essay. The dictionary defines a utopia as an imagined place or state of things in whichRead MoreDystopia Essay: 1984 and Harrison Bergeron1818 Words   |  8 PagesYear 11, English Extension Essay ( 2 CORE texts and 1 RELATED text) What ideas do you see linking the texts you have studied through your exploration of Utopias and Dystopias. The novels Utopia by Thomas More and 1984 by George Orwell and short story Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut explore the Utopic and Dystopic genre through the structure and regulations of their societies. In Utopia, More provides us with a contemporary understanding of society and human nature, with an indepth study ofRead MoreIf We Must Die By Claude Mckay1161 Words   |  5 Pagessomething truly means to one’s self like in the 3 text, â€Å"I have a dream,† by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr (published; 8/28/1963, genre; narrative and argumentative), â€Å"If we must die,† by Claude Mckay (published; 1919, genre; narrative and lyric), â€Å"Harrison Bergeron,† by Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (published; October 1961, genre; satirical dystopian science-fiction short story). In all 3 texts the authors are giving their touch on equality. Equality can convey being treated the same when a colored and a white man/woman

The Ability of Yeast to Ferment Sugar Molecules Free Essays

All cells need to have a constant energy supply. The two processes by which this energy is attained from photosynthetic materials to form ATP are cellular respiration and fermentation. (Hyde,2012). We will write a custom essay sample on The Ability of Yeast to Ferment Sugar Molecules or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fermentation is a way of harvesting chemical energy that does not require oxygen. (Reece et al. 2012). When the body is deprived of oxygen it will then begin to meet its energy needs through the slow process of fermentation. In our lab we investigated alcoholic fermentation by using yeast, which can flourish in an low energy environment in anaerobic conditions. In this lab our goal was to discover the rate at which yeast will ferment different sized molecules of carbohydrates. In order to perform our experiment we made use of water, glucose, sucrose, and starch. It was hypothesized that glucose, sucrose, then starch would all be used to produce energy during fermentation. Being that glucose is a simple sugar, or monosaccharide, we predicted that glucose would be fermented most quickly. This hypothesis was made based on the idea that glucose is the cell’s main source of energy in aerobic cellular respiration. The first step of cellular respiration is glycolysis which breaks down glucose for energy. We predicted that Sucrose would ferment second to glucose since it is a larger molecule composed of glucose and fructose. Finally, we predicted that starch would ferment extremely slow behind all of the other carbohydrates. METHODS AND MATERIALS: On October 31, 2012 in the lab of Greenfield Community College my lab partners, Madeline Hawes, Timothy Walsh and I conducted the following experiment in order to test the effectiveness of yeasts’ ability to ferment different carbohydrates. We first filled 6 small flasks with 75 ml of water and 5 drops of phenol red to each flask. Four of these were labeled with the solution that would feed into them and the other two with â€Å"control† and the last with â€Å"increased CO2. † The color of phenol red is orangish-pink when there is a neutral pH present. As carbon dioxide is released into this solution from the release of the gas from the yeast filled flasks, the solution turns a light yellow indicating a weak acid. We measured out four weigh boats of 2 grams each of starch and then added 2 grams to each of 4 labeled flasks of 50 ml water, 50 ml Glucose solution, 50 ml Sucrose solution, and 50 ml Starch solution respectively. All of these had been stored in incubators to maintain an optimal temperature of 35 degrees celsius. We put these flasks into our sink which we made into a water bath. We then drained and added hot plate warmed water from a 1000 ml beaker we kept heated in order to maintain the optimal temperature of 35 degrees celsius around the flasks. We swirled the large flasks to mix the solutions and yeast as they sat in the water bath. The flasks containing the yeasts solutions were then stoppered with glass straws and tubings and their extending tubes placed into the matching labeled smaller flasks adjacent to the sink. I blew through a straw into the flask labeled â€Å"increased CO2. † The phenol red detected the presence of CO2 turning the solution yellow. The â€Å"control† flask was left as a comparison for the remaining yeast filled tubes feeding into the other flasks of phenol red and water. RESULTS: We recorded our first observations at 10 minutes. Just as we hypothesized, the yeast and water experienced no change. In the glucose solution flask, the glucose molecules were being quickly broken down and forming a frothy head, sending a bubble of CO2 through the tube every 2 seconds while turning the phenol red to a light orange. The sucrose solution was bubbling every three seconds and also had turned light orange. At 10 minutes there was no reaction in the Starch solution. The latter data remained consistent with our hypotheses. The glucose solution at 20 minutes was very frothy and bubbly and had turned the phenol red a very light yellow with a consistent bubble through the tube every second indicating a strong presence of CO2. The sucrose, too, had turned light yellow and had continuous bubbles every 2 seconds. The starch had a rare bubble with no noticeable change in the phenol red solution. At the final check in of 40 minutes both the glucose and sucrose had fermented most of the yeast and slowed down on bubbling. The glucose still had the most bubbles occuring. The starch was a lighter pink with little change in the levels of froth in the yeast solution. The water solution still remained completely unchanged. DISCUSSION: Our hypotheses were supported through illustrating that all forms of sugar do provide energy and that glucose, being the smallest molecule, was the most efficient. The control tube contained no sugar and therefore produced no energy. A source of sugar is necessary for glycolysis and fermentation to occur. The strongest presence of carbon dioxide was in glucose, indicated by the bubbles which are a by-product of ethanol fermentation. The rate of fermentation in sucrose was second to glucose and Starch was the least effective at providing a sugar to create energy. The large polysaccharide was difficult for yeast to break down to create the necessary energy that would produce carbon dioxide. Glucose is the most efficient sugar as it is a small monosaccharide which is already the source of energy for the Glycolysis cycle. The largest possible source of error in our experiment is the time in which each solution began its fermentation process. We added the yeast into each flask containing the sugar solutions at staggered times. If this experiment were to be repeated it would be more precise to have four people pour in the yeast and swirl at the exact same time and then stopper the solutions. The only minor inconsistency would be the amount of yeast that was spilled or left in the weigh boats. This could create a discrepancy in the final results. Through this lab I understoodd that in times of oxygen deprivation the body can still function through the process of fermentation. The yield of 2 ATP molecules is enough to keep muscles contracting for a short period of time when oxygen is scarce. Through the fermentation process NAD+ is regenerated as pyruvate is broken down to CO2 and ethanol. This allows the anaerobic production of 2 ATP molecules. (Reece et al. 2012). In essence, keeping cells alive that may otherwise die without the energy to provide for muscle contractions of the heart. LITERATURE CITED: Reece, Taylor, Simon, Dickey, and Campbell. , Biology: concepts connections. Pearson Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, CA. Pgs. 100-101 Hyde, A. October 31, 2012 How to cite The Ability of Yeast to Ferment Sugar Molecules, Papers

All For Animals Essay Example For Students

All For Animals Essay Word Count: 629WORDS:592Is it right to take the life of an innocent animal? Animals have been burnt, crushed, sliced, electrocuted, tortured with drugs, poisoned with toxic chemicals, and tormented in psychological testing. They do all these test just to make money or find if a chemical is safe for humans. Is this right?Animal testing or vivisection ( as commonly called) promises to cure ills though animal experimentation. If this is stopped, that will be the end of human cures. Dr. Werner Hartinger, MD, surgeon in west Germany, claims that medical sciences great advances could not have been discovered without experimenting on animals. The uninformed public usually agrees to this statement, simply because they rather see a animal die than a person. The public usually dont see what goes on behind close doors.That is because product testers do not want them to see the animals suffer and die, including dogs, cats, rabbits, monkeys, birds, rats, mice, pigs, birds, fish, reptiles, etc. Ea ch of these animals has the capacity to experience pain, and they can also escape it. However, inside the laboratory there is no escape. To intentionally inflict suffering and eventual death on an animal is a crude practice, one that could result in a criminal convection if done in public under the states law. Yet because animal testing is done behind closed doors at the hands of scientists who promises cures in the future, the suffering continues. As science became more advanced, the cruelty became more creative. How could scientist watch those animals be put through torture.A scientists, studying for head trauma strapped an animal in machinery to receive high impact blows to the head that left it with severe head damage.Another time, to examine severe burns to live tissue, pigs were restrained to prevent their escape and then burned alive with a flame thrower until the charred flesh could be removed from the live animals in large pieces. Yet another example, to demonstrate that th e eyes protein levels are not different in sight deprived monkeys compared to normal ones, animal experimenters sewed the monkeys eyelids shut. The point of these horrible animals experiences are cruel. There are thousands of discoveries made without product testing. Some are: discovery of penicillin, development of x-rays, discovery of the relationship between cholesterol and heart disease, which is the number one cause of death in America. Advancements in the human medicine which are based on the human model are the only true reliable and responsible research methods. They actually apply to humans rather than irresponsibly and dangerous extrapolating data across different species. In 1998, there were approximately 10 to 56 million cats and dogs in the States. Of those 10.1 and 16.7 million dogs and cats are put to death in pounds and shelters. Approximately 17-22 million are researched each year.In total there has been 40% increase in the numbers of animals killed each year. A lot of money goes toward research. However,this money could be spent on hospitals, hungry people, more schools because of over crowded class rooms. But instead each year they spend $18 million on animal experiments. In my opinion I think animal testing is wrong. All animals are unique, including humans, and unnatural experimentation cannot reveal the secrets of human diseases nor the necessary requirements for a healthy human life. When data from an animal experiment has been applied to humans, the results have often been disastrous. Scientists must realize animals are another species and should not be subjected to the natural origins of human disease.