Nestles Operations Of Food Processing - 1231 Words

Henri Nestle, who was a trained pharmacist, founded Nestle in 1905. There was a merger with Anglo- Swiss Milk Company, which was founded by Nestle in 1866 and established by his brothers Charles Page, George Page, and Farine Lactee Henri Nestle. India became the headquarters for its operations of food processing that is know today as being a trading company. Many manufacturing facilities are located in Malaysia with its head office in Mutiara Damansara. Nestle’s production started with manufacturing Milkmaid and gradually brought in other products. During the First World War Nestle enjoyed good returns. The winning of supply dairy products through government contracts helped it grow. During the Second World War the returns fell drastically. However, the company introduced a new product to the market which was Nestle Coffee. This product received a lot of enthusiasm from soldiers on the battlefield. This is how Nestle managed to to stay in production during the second war. By time the war ended, Nestle was ready to reduce debts by countermeasure. The growth of Nestle accelerated which allowed many new products to be introduced into the market after World War Two. The social responsibility of Nestle is mainly concerned about its workers. Collaboration of working with Fair Labor Association is aimed to improve the working conditions of farmers because Nestle works closely with them. The farmers are the primary source of Nestle’s raw materials, therefore allows farmers toShow MoreRelatedNestle’s Sustainable Growth in Mature Market1512 Words   |  7 PagesNestle’s sustainable growth in mature market The company establishment Nestle was first founded by Henri Neslte in the 1860s by developing and producing food products for babies who could not adapt mother’s milk. Following the success in baby food products, Henri incorporated with an Anglo-Swiss condensed milk company to develop dairy products, especially for government supply in World War I. High sensitive and quick responding to the demand of consumer, Nestle continued to create and develop newRead MoreNestle s Principles Of Business Operations1513 Words   |  7 Pages Nestlà © has ten principles of business operations that everything they do in their business revolve around; Nutrition Health Wellness, Quality assurance and products safety, Consumer communication, Human Rights in business activities, Leadership and personal responsibility, Supplier and customer relations, Agriculture products, Environmental sustainability, and Water. Under each of these topics is a set of things Nestlà © follows such as, making it their core aim to enhance the quality of consumer’sRead MoreNestl S Corporate Strategy Analysis2548 Words   |  11 PagesNESTLE’S CORPORATE STRATEGY ANALYSIS 1 Global Strategic Analysis of Nestlà © (Corporate Strategy by Mr Croft) Rational model NESTLE’S CORPORATE STRATEGY ANALYSIS 2 I. Vision statements Concerned with the desired future state of the company. What do we want to be?  « I will build a motor car for the great multitude†¦it will be so low in price that no man making good wages will be unable to own one†¦when I am through, everyone will be able to afford one and everyone will have one.  » Henry FordRead MoreDoing Better1201 Words   |  5 Pagesit may harm the environment the most. Definitely, today’s not use of plastic sleeve will help the future environment by lessening wastage, climate change etc. Moreover, it is not re-useable. That creates wastage for the environment. That is why; Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s step of stopping using plastic sleeve is towards the ‘sustainability’. 2. Why are International Treaties like Rio and Kyoto important in encouraging sustainable business practice? Answer: Sustainable business practice is the foremost thing for aRead MoreEssay on Nestlà © Company1853 Words   |  8 PagesNestle Cp. Since Henri Nestlà © developed the first milk food for infants in 1867, and saved the life of a neighbor’s child, the Nestlà © Company has aimed to build a business as the worlds leading nutrition, health and wellness company  based on sound human values and principles. Nestlà © (IPA: /[nÉ›sle]/) is a multinational packaged food company founded and headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland, and listed on the SWX Swiss Exchange with a turnover of over 87 billion Swiss francs. It originated in aRead MoreEssay on Strategic Management Case Study on Swiss-based Nestle3311 Words   |  14 PagesSummary This paper provides a case analysis and case solution to a Harvard Business School strategic management case study on Swiss-based Nestle, the world’s largest food and beverage company with 2007 sales exceeding CHF100 billion or about US$112 billion(Bell Shelman, 2009, p. 1). While extensive background information dating to Nestle’s 1867 founding is provided, the primary time setting for the case is April 2008, shortly after 29-year Nestle veteran Paul Bulcke advances to the position of CEO,Read MoreProduction Of Lean Manufacturing And Related Continuous Improvement Businesses1223 Words   |  5 PagesProject Report Lean in food industries There is a general perception that Lean Manufacturing and related continuous improvement businesses do not lend themselves to easy application in industries that have large batch processes, like the food and beverage industries. Typically these business types sell their products from large distribution or product mixing centers, and are not make to order businesses. They manufacture to a forecast, and usually the forecast lead time to production is long,Read MoreNestle Case Study3261 Words   |  14 PagesNestle is one of the worlds largest global food companies. It has over 500 factories in over 70 countries, and sells its products in approximately 200 nations. Only 1% of sales and 3% of employees are located in its home country, Switzerland. Having reached the limits of growth and profitable penetration in most Western markets, Nestle turned its attention to emerging markets in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Latin America for growth. Many of these countries are relatively poor, but the economies areRead MoreHr Case Study of Nestle Pakistan1061 Words   |  5 Pagesmultinational packaged food company founded and headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland. Nestlà © has been serving Pakistani consumers since 1988, when its parent company, the Switzerland-based Nestlà © SA, first acquired a share in Milkpak Ltd. The current company president and CEO is Peter Brabeck-Letmathe. The CEO and Managing Director for Pakistan is Ronald Decorvet, and the head of Human Resource is Uzma Qaiser Butt. The Company is engaged in marketing, manufacturing, processing and sale of food products (dairyRead MoreStrategic Business Value/Supply Chain Analysis: Nestle Essay4655 Words   |  19 Pages14 7.2 Dynamic Capability Building 14 7.2.1 Means of Innovation and Productivity14 7.2.2 Competitive Advantage in a Global Context 15 7.3 Global Business Operations – Lifecycle Framework15 7.3.1 Inter-organisations Across Supply Chain and Value Networks15 7.3.2 Intra-organisations Across Supply Chain and Value Networks 16 7.4 Identified Problems

Computer Testing Free Essays

1. Answer the Following Questions a. How is vsftpd more secure than other FTP server? vsftpd is more secure than other FTP servers because it does not run root privileges making it more difficult to compromise the system directly. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Testing or any similar topic only for you Order Now b. What is the difference between passive and active FTP? The difference between a passive and an active FTP connection is the that in passive mode, the client initiates the connection to the server (on port 20 by default). In active mode, the server initiates the connection, having no default port. c. Why is ASCII transfer sometimes necessary? ASCII transfer is sometimes necessary in order to performs conversion between different code sets. d. If you want vsftpd to run in standalone mode, what do you need to set in vsftpd.conf? Set the listen parameter to YES in the vsftpd.conf file e. A user tries to log in, provides a user name, and gets denied. What settings would cause this and how? Setting /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers lists users that are not allowed to log in on the FTP server f. What is a directive that has an opened and closed tag instead of being a single word called? Directive that has an opened and closed tag instead of being a single word is a container g. What is the ability to respond to multiple IPs or names as if the server were multiple servers called? Virtual Hosting 2. You can create virtual hosts by host names or IP addresses. Explain the basics of how each type works. IP-based virtual hosts use the address of the connection to decide the correct virtual host to connect to. In order for name-based virtual hosting to work, the server depends on the client to deliver the hostname as part of the HTTP headers. Many different hosts can  share the same IP address using this method. How to cite Computer Testing, Papers

Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences

Question: Discuss about the Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. Answer: Introduction: Following an increased focus on globalization of economy there has been the submerging of ethical issues by the aim of increasing profitability. There have been some implications of globalization and its effects on the earth. The moral impacts and economics of international financial and regulatory institutes are not to assume any more. This is because some ethics are being neglected causing a lot of human suffering (Stout, 2011). For example there has been a lot of unethical businesses going on globally regardless of the country involved such activities include human and drug trafficking etc. this should be noted that its leading to a ruined society at large. Some problems that bedevil such activities include insecurity, instability, monopoly power and un-sustainability. With the rise of global financial crisis the problem of economic instability is so obvious. Some economic institutions are pursuing profits with no social responsibility and this is ruining morals in the society (Ne lson, 2010). With instability comes economic insecurity which causes people to engage in crude means of raising finances. When one is constantly vulnerable to market forces beyond their control they are likely to develop anxiety. Workers should not be treated as items to be hired and fired in relation to changing market conditions as this is counterproductive in nature. In economic ethics there is need for security and freedom. Most people recurrently violate economic security however in a monopoly situation such socioeconomic problems are exacerbated. Freedom and security are mostly violated in situations where there is pronounced concentration of economic power. Here the big businesses gain too much power unlike the small ones (Nelson, 2006). In places where self interested market behavior dominates, there is too much economic inequality. People without capital remain poor since capital makes capital. This inequality if not solved results to unhappier societies with higher incidences of social problems. An economic system which seems to reward immoral self interests definitely creates instability in the economy, leads to economic insecurity, promotes concentration of economic power in few individuals, and promotes economic inequality as well as violation of ecological sustainability. Social problem- human trafficking Human trafficking has social impacts which are quite universal. However this does not mean that human trafficking is not a serious issue. The victims of this menace are the ones that need to cope with most of the social impacts. There are some shared impacts of human trafficking such as spread of HIV and AIDS which can ultimately affect all the involved populations. However the specific incidents may differ from country to country (Nelson, 2006). Those who have experience human trafficking have actually known a life worse than death itself. The victims are forced to live in conditions that are atrocious. They are denied freedom and exposed to horrors like deprivation, torture and abuse. Trauma arises from such conditions. This then makes one understand why the victims feel like escaping and such people end up facing punishment which is inhuman. For example one may be made to submerge themselves in a container filled with water and scorpions and be left there for a week just because t hey tried to escape. Some are left to spend lonely nights alone. This is torturous especially psychologically (Stout, 2011). Some victims are usually injected with drugs to make them submissive. Once they come out of such they become automatically addicted to drugs. The victims of trafficking in most cases try to fight it at first but end up accepting to have lost the battle. They may be seen all smiles but inwardly they are crying and broken. Most of the human trafficking involves the selling of people for sex and therefore pregnancies are often expected. Those pregnant are even forced to abort using uncouth means and by quack practitioners (Stout, 2011). These unhygienic practices are some of the reasons why spread of HIV is high in the trafficking world. Therefore in the world of human trafficking people are just spreading life threatening infections especially the sexually transmitted ones. People are free to choose their work. People are free to venture into investments and to be entrepreneurs. In such a market people have the freedom to create capital formation. Theres freedom in earning profits, freedom to compete, freedom of buying, earning using and selling private property. Freedom of setting prices is also seen in such markets. Such markets do not require dictations from the government control or compulsion. In a free market there is no high taxation needed for effective functioning. Such markets function well with less interference from the government (Nelson, 2010). People carry out human trafficking because they are in search of huge moneys. This is often contributed by high costs of living and inability to get good alternatives in earning a living (Wheaton et al., 2010). In a society where human trafficking is on the rise looking at the positives that come with characteristics of a free market one can take advantage of such situations to alleviate the situation (Stout, 2011). A free market is rarely controlled by government taxation and therefore people should take advantage of such a situation and engage in business. Business in a tax free environment thrives well (Ogunro, 2014). This may make people shift from human trafficking to legal businesses. In this market people are also free to set prices of their commodities and as a result they can sell their commodities at prices that are good at getting them profits and thus shift their minds from human trafficking (Nelson, 2010). Since people in this market they can sell private property without government regulations then the environment is conducive to engage in such businesses instead of thinking about human trafficking business (Kapstein, 2001). In such a market people chose their own tasks, they are free to be entrepreneurs and also investors and thus the business environment in this market is quite conducive. This can help people in such markets to carry out other businesses aside from human trafficking. In situations where ethical issues are present business does not operate normally and the supply and demand curves are not likely to meet the equilibrium point. For example when prices of commodities are high their demands tends to be low in relation to the supply and the business owners are likely to suffer losses. Business owners tend to increase prices in their commodities when the government raises tax on them (Stout, 2011). The prices could also go high in situations where commodities are not available in plenty (Sahin et al., 2016). This could be during drought seasons when products such as groceries and dairy products are in scarce. In some cases the demand could be high compared to the supply. This also happens in places where ethic issues are common. Its evident that human trafficking leads to an increase in the infections especially sexually transmitted diseases which interfere with human capital (Nelson, 2006). People do not work to their expected capacity and this in return affects business in general. If human labor demand is high but the supply is low due to trafficking then introduction of market mechanisms of supply and demand in such situations is difficulty. This is because equilibrium cannot be reached in such environments. Its therefore necessary to deal with ethical issues in economic environments so as to meet the supply and demand market mechanisms (Crouch, 2006). References Crouch, C. (2006). Modelling the firm in its market and organizational environment: Methodologies for studying corporate social responsibility.Organization Studies,27(10), 1533-1551. Kapstein, E. B. 2001. The Corporate Ethics Crusade. Foreign Affairs ,80(5): 105119 Nelson, J. A. (2006). Economics for Humans. Chicago, University of Chicago Press Nelson, J. A. (2010). Care Ethics and Markets: A View from Feminist Economics. Global Development and Environment Institute Working Paper. Ogunro, V. O. (2014). Nigeria's Business Environment: Issues Challenges and Prospects.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,4(4), 132. Sahin, O., Siems, R. S., Stewart, R. A., Porter, M. G. (2016). Paradigm shift to enhanced water supply planning through augmented grids, scarcity pricing and adaptive factory water: a system dynamics approach.Environmental Modelling Software,75, 348-361. Stout, L. A. (2011). Cultivating Conscience: How Good Laws Make Good People. Princeton, Princeton University Press. Wheaton, E. M., Schauer, E. J., Galli, T. V. (2010). Economics of human trafficking.International Migration,48(4), 114-141

Introduction to Philosophy Essays - Kantianism, Social Philosophy

Jonathon McNeil Introduction to Philosophy Fourth Writing Assignment In Immanuel Kants essay, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, Kant seeks to explain how his view of morality if different from the utilitarian. Kant says the morality of an action is independent of the consequences. According to the utilitarian, pleasure is the only intrinsic good. Kant on the other hand is not concerned with pleasure, because he does not see it as intrinsically good. Kant believes in what he refers to as the categorical imperative. The categorical imperative is the principle you can apply to any situation. He describes the categorical imperative as the formula of universal law. By forming the categorical imperative, we will know what to morally do in any situation. Kant explains, Act as if the maxim of your action were to become through your will a UNIVERSAL LAW OF NATURE. (511) Following on the categorical imperative Kant believes that good will is the only intrinsic good. This is Kants basic moral theory. As Kant explains, It is impossible to conceive anything at all in the world, or even out of it, which can be taken as good without qualifications, except a good will. Intelligence, wit, judgment, and any other talents of the mind we may care to name, or courage, resolution and constancy of purpose, as qualities of temperament, are without doubt good and desirable in many respects; but they can also be extremely bad and hurtful when the will is not good which has to make use of these gifts of nature, and which for this reason has the term character applied to its peculiar quality. (504) Kant has a different take on the golden rule. The golden rule usually reads as, Do unto others as you would have done unto you. Kant believes this involves emotional attachment. Kant gives an altered version of the golden rule that reads as, Treat other as you would rationally consent to be treated. Kant says, Yet I maintain that in such as case and action of this kind, however right and however amiable it may be, has still no genuinely moral worth. It stands on the same footing as other inclinations- for example, the inclination for honor, which if fortunate enough to hit on the something beneficial and right and consequently honorable, deserves praise and encouragement, but not esteem; for its maxim lacks moral content, namely the performance of such actions, not from inclination, but from duty. (506) Kant explains the categorical imperative. According to Kant a will is ones decision making faculty. The goodness of ones will lie in the will and not the results that the will produced. Kant believes that the will is the only way for evaluating the morality of an action. Kant believes that our emotions are not the correct determinate for moral judgment. The three moral absolutes Kant discusses are: never lie, always help others, and never waste you talents. One hypothetical example would be if the world was coming to an end and the parent or guardian told the child everything would be alright. Kant would argue this would be inappropriate because your maxim should be to never tell a lie. Most people would are that lying to comfort a child is the proper thing to do. This is a lying promise is a good example of why Kants moral theory does not offer enough flexibility. This is a good example because emotions are needed to reason morality. Humans need to have proper emotions to respond appropriately to things. If the utilitarian was to respond to this example, they would say that the end result was not a positive thing and the good will involve did not help the situation. Word count 621

Market Segmentation Essays

Market Segmentation Essays Market Segmentation Paper Market Segmentation Paper Executive Health Club is a health club which caters to a very important need of each human†¦ Health. Executive Health Club caters to the health concious people who want outstanding health maintaining/enhancing facilities so that they can play a pivotal role in improving/enhancing and energizing their lifestyles and the lifestyles around them. Executive Health Club shall offer an array of health related facilities including yoga, Mediation and Exercise. The goals of our company are to be profitable and build  a product line through name recognition. It is the  immediate goal to launch an additional product line into the beauty market, while the long-term goal is to go public with several health club facilities and an active product line. The initial market for Executive Health Club is Seattle, Washington. With its growing population of moderate to high income professionals, Seattle provides an ideal market. It is also one of the fastest growing areas in the country, with  a continually expanding  consumer base. Another advantage to the Seattle market is the high level of travel to the area, especially among professionals. This also increases our possible consumer base. Executive Health Club aims  to provide health and spa services to those seeking physical and mental well being. Women between the ages of 18 and 70 are the vast market, with an emphasis on professional women in their mid twenties through their mid fifties. Also, women battling or recovering from a serious injury or illness are another specific target market. For men, professionals concerned about their appearance are our main market. They are often in their late twenties through their mid forties.  We target anyone who is searching for a natural method to heal body and soul, regardless of age or income. Market Segmentation Our market segmentation is specific to two target groups. Our first target market is the corporate workers of Seattle. We have chosen these people, ranging from early  twenties to mid  forties, because they are in  stressful jobs and could use  relaxation and exercise. They also have the financial opportunity to regularly treat themselves to a facial or massage. Often in the working world it is necessary to look healthy and fit, therefore, we offer  exercise facilities to keep people fit and happy. The second group we target is people either recovering from an injury or people who have a condition which needs special attention. We wanted to create a safe environment where people feel comfortable and get the attention they need with out feeling ostracized or sick. We offer special classes, massage, and homeopathic opportunities for people with specific needs. The chart and table below outline the target markets we have chosen; however, for simplicitys sake, we break our market into two segments: Women and Other. We firmly believe that women would take advantage of our services more often than men would. ;

When Should I Take the SAT for the First Time

When Should I Take the SAT for the First Time SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You don't have to be great to start, but you have to start to be great.- Zig Ziglar It can be hard to decide when to take the SAT for the first time. Should you wait until junior year? Is the fall better than the spring? Should you only take it if you've studied geometry or read the top 100 classics in English literature? Since everyone's different, there's no blanket answer to the question, "When should I take the SAT for the first time?" Let's consider the most important factors in this decision so you can determine when to sign up for your initial test. First, what do most students do? 2 Typical SAT Test-Taking Schedules The College Board offers the SAT on seven test dates each yearinAugust, October, November, December,March,May, andJune. Below, we'll be looking at two ways you can schedule your SATs during your junior and senior years. Typical SAT Test-Taking Schedule #1 Here is a brief overview of the first SAT test-taking schedule: First SAT: October or November (junior year) Second SAT: March or May (junior year) Third SAT (if needed): August, October, or November (senior year) Many students prep for the SAT throughout their sophomore year and/or the following summer, and then take the SAT in the fall of their junior year. This means that popular first-time SAT test dates for juniors are in October and November. If your first test date is in the fall of junior year, then you realistically leave yourself with about two more test dates to retake the SAT if you want to improve your scores. This is because it takes time to prep and really see improvement. You could take the SAT again in the spring of your junior year (March or May) and a third time in the summer/fall of your senior year (assuming you have time to get your scores in before yourcollege application deadlines).At this point, you'll have reached your last chance to take the SAT and achieve your target scores. Typical SAT Test-Taking Schedule #2 If you're planning to take the PSATthe fall of your junior year, you might want to move your first SAT to the spring. Although this schedule gives you less time between SATs, it can still work well if you are productive and know how to manage your time. Here is an overview of this combined PSAT/SAT test-taking schedule: PSAT:October (junior year) First SAT: March or May (junior year) Second SAT: June or August (between junior and senior year) Third SAT (if needed): October or November (senior year) In this case, you'll want to squeeze in a second SAT the summer between junior and senior yearso that you can give yourself room for a third attempt in the fall, if necessary. Other Options for SAT Test-Taking Schedules Both of these testing schedules work well for a lot of students, but they're definitely not the only ways to work in the SAT. For some students, these two schedules mightfeel too limiting. Since you only have two or three chances, you might feel a lot of pressure on testing day that you wouldn't feel if you started earlier. Plus, there's always the possibility of a fluke testing day (meaning you were sick, tired, or simply unlucky with a question that left you stumped). For these reasons, or if you're someone who's prepping earlier in 9th or 10th grade, these typical schedules might not be the best ones for you. Let's look closer at why some students take their firstSAT even earlier than junior year. Why might the early bird catch the worm? 6 Reasons to Take the SAT Before Junior Year While the schedule mentioned above is typical for a lot of students, don't feel as if it's the only way to approach the SAT. Even if this is how your friends or older sister or brothertook the SAT, it may or maynot line up with your own personal schedule and goals. If it works with your test prep and leaves you enough testing dates to achieve your scores, then it's a solid and reliable plan. However, if any of the following six reasons resonate with you, you might want to sign up for an earlier test date. So why might you take the SAT earlier than junior year? #1: You Want to Prep Early Everyone's SAT test prep is going to vary based on theirown strengths, weaknesses, schedule, and goals. At the very minimum, though, all students should try to put in at least10 hours of focused test prep; this allows you toget familiar with the format and timing of the test. Realistically, you'd need to put in much more time over a sustained period to do well. A full study regimen might consist of around 100 hours. You could spread this out over a single school year by prepping for two to three hours a week, or start small and gradually increase your studying the closer you get to your test date. If you're prepping earlier than the summer before junior year and scoring decently on SAT practice tests,taking the real SAT would be a valuable testing experience.Essentially, you'll get a sense of what taking the actual test is like, from what you need to bring to how you feel leading up to and taking the SAT. On the flip side, I usually don't recommend taking the real SAT if you haven't done any prep. Some colleges want to see allof your SAT scores, so it might look bad to admissions officers if you have one SAT with a much lower score compared with those from other SATs you've taken. What's more, the College Board is alwayson the lookout for big fluctuations in scores.If you treat your first SAT as a throwaway test and then prep hard for your next one, you risk increasing your score bytoo many points and having the College Board withhold your scores to ensure you haven't cheated. This is rare, but something to consider in terms of the importance of taking every real SAT seriously and spending time studying for it. To sum up, if you're prepping for the SAT in 9th or 10th grade (or even middle school), you might move up this typical test-taking schedule a year or more by taking the SAT in sophomore year or earlier. #2: You Plan to Use Score Choice Another big factor to think about when signing up for the SAT is the Score Choice policies of the schools you're applying to. The College Board's Score Choice option lets you decide which SAT score reports from which test dates to send to schools.You can't send only section scores, but you can leave out certain score reports from sittings if you feel that they don't reflect your best performance. If you're planning to use Score Choice when you apply to college, you don't have to worry too much about how many times you sit for the SAT (as long as you don't have huge increases or decreases in your scores, as described in the previous section). Just make sure you understand the policies of your colleges. While it's a bit of a gray area, some schools require you to send all your scores across all test sittings, and expect you to be honest. By contrast, some schoolssuperscore SAT resultsbytaking the highest section scores across all dates.So if you do well in Reading on one date, Math on another, and Writing on a third, these are the section scores the colleges will use for admission consideration. Again, note that any big score outliers could raise red flags for schools. Some students use this superscoring policy to build up their SAT scores section by section.But why might superscoring lead you to sign up for the SAT earlier than junior year? You could build up your scores, section by section. #3: You Want More Test Dates to Build Up Your Scores If your colleges superscore SAT scores, you can use this policy to your advantage.How? You can use one test date to prep heavily for the Math section, another to focus on Reading, and the third to devote your energies to Writing. For obvious reasons, you shouldn't totally neglect any one section, but this strategy can help you prioritize your prep and hit your target scores on each SAT section, one test date at a time. Even if you're not using this superscoring strategy to take the SAT, you might want more test dates than the three or so discussed in the typical test-taking schedule. Simply put, by starting earlier, you'll have more chances to take the SAT. This puts less pressure on each test date, so if you're someone who experiences test-taking anxiety, this plan could help relieve some of those nerves. Plus, you don't have to freak out if you have a fluke test day! Overall, I don't recommend taking the SATmore than six times in total.Though you can technically take it as many times as you want, it'll start to be a waste of time and money, as well as look bad to colleges that don't use Score Choice. If you find yourself taking the SAT over and over, work on readjusting your approach to test prep, and figure out how you can make it more effective for raising your scores. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! #4: You Want to Align the SAT With Your Classes Besides being strategic about building your scores using Score Choice, you might have a strategy in which youline up the SAT with the courses you take in school. A lot of people think the SAT is less about course content and more about strategy- and they're not totally off base. The test is pretty different from most tests you take in school. While the timing and wording of the questions can be tricky, the concepts covered are really not all that advanced. You might have all the content knowledge you need to do well on the SAT well before junior year. Although strategy plays a large role in scoring highly on the SAT,concrete academic concepts are also key for doing well. You have to have a solid grasp of algebra and geometry, for example. You should also know how to analyze a passage, how to use key literary terms, and how to structurea cogent, well-supported essay. Many students cover the skills they'll need for the Math, Reading, and Writing sections before their junior year of high school. As a result, it could be helpful to study these skills in the context of the SAT and apply them by taking the test during your freshman or sophomore year. Some students even surpass the content they'll need for the SAT through their classes in school. If you're taking pre-calculus and trigonometry junior year, you'd have to look back at math concepts you learned in the past in order to do well on the SAT. Rather than get rusty with these skills, you might actually be better equipped to prep for and take the SAT in 9th or 10th grade- before your courses move beyond the content you need for the test. In a similar vein, some students might be in a good position to take an SAT Subject Test at the end of 9th or 10th grade when they've just studied a corresponding subject for a year, like US history or biology. You want to line everything up just right. #5: It Meets Your Personal Goals Besides lining up your test prep with your classes in school, it's important to consider and honor your own personal goals. Students' schedules and approaches to the SAT will vary depending on theirpersonal goals and commitments. Let's say you're incredibly busy throughout the school year with homework, clubs, and community service. Or maybe you're on a varsity sports team that takes up a lot of your free time. Reflect on your schedule and availability todecide which test dates make most sense for you. You might also be motivated to finish taking the SAT beforejunior year and the busy college application season. If your goal is to hit your target scores before you finish junior year, then this might be motivation to design your own individualizedtest-taking schedule. Overall, you are the best authority on your strengths, weaknesses, and goals, so feel confident that you're devising the best plan for you. #6: You're Competing for Gifted Programs The last reason that some students take the SAT earlier than junior year or even high school is to qualify for academic and talent competitions. In reality, the SAT is not just a test for getting into college- some academic programs and talent competitions require the SAT or ACT as entrance requirements. These are usually for students in 6th, 7th, and 8th grade. Some of these programs include BESTS at the University of Iowa, CTY at Johns Hopkins University, JBA at Truman State University, MATS at Northwestern University, and TIP at Duke University. Review: When Should You Take the SAT for the First Time? At this point, you should have a clearer sense of how to answer the question,"When should I take the SAT for the first time?" Most students are in great shape to take the SAT for the first time in the fall of junior year, and then again in the spring or following fall (of senior year) if they want to improve their scores. If you plan to take the PSAT, too, you might want to shift this schedule slightly so that you're taking your first SAT the spring of your junior year instead. However, some students might want to take the SAT earlier. Let's quickly review all the reasons youmight go with this option: You want to prep and get the SAT over with early You'll gain valuable test-taking experience and learn how to manage time and stress You'll leave yourself with more test dates you can use to build up your scores as needed You can line up the content of the SAT with relevant high school classes You can better meet your goals and more easily fit in a test with an earlier schedule You're hoping to qualify for a talent competition Once you've considered these six factors, you can then make a well-informed decision about when to take the SAT for the first time. What's Next? The best way to study for the SAT is to use official SAT practice questions. Download and take all official SAT practice tests here. If you're taking the SAT in 9th or 10th grade, you'll want to set your target scores pronto. So what's a good score for 9th grade? What about for 10th grade? Read about what scores you should be aiming for at this point in your high school career. How far in advance of the SAT should you start prepping? Plan out your studying schedule with these important considerations. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

International risk management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International risk management - Assignment Example The paper looks at these strategies together with a contingency plan for the product we seek to develop. This strategy seeks to completely eliminate the risk of a project to level 0. With this strategy minimum allowable risk is zero (Darity, 2008). In other words risk avoidance will imply that the developers avoid undertaking the project if it has been identified to have a component of risk in it. The strategy is rarely used in risk mitigation because almost all projects to be undertaken have a risk component in them. If the strategy is employed to mitigate risk in the product, the developers will have to avoid the development of the product since it has inherent risks. Some of the inherent risks include; the power failure on the leds, the small switches failing to work, risk that the product wouldn’t gain market approval among other risks. Thus since the developers aim to go ahead with the entire project cycle, this mitigation strategy wouldn’t be advisable. Risk sharing as another mitigation strategy used as a suitable way of reducing the possible negative outcome inherent to developing a product. It is one of the most common strategies employed in risk management. Risk sharing according to Bolton and Harris (2010), is defined as a risk management strategy which aims at reducing risk exposure by ensuring that the risk component in a project is first identified. After identification, the burden of possible loss is spread among several entities, units of enterprises or other partners critical to the particular project development. This risk management method is also called risk retention. The technique is a way of self-insuring the risks taking into consideration a multiplicity of entities. In developing the product that seeks to increase the safety of those riding bikes in the urban areas either at night or in the early morning hours, risk sharing as a method of mitigating risk suggests the need to look for other entities that might be interested in

Analyzing the american beauty movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analyzing the american beauty movie - Essay Example American Beauty Film Several symbols have been used in the movie ‘American Beauty’; the screenwriter utilizes color red throughout the film. For instance the first appearance of Annette Bening, reveals her love for roses where she’s shown cutting red roses. Allan Ball the script writer uses color red in this movie to represent the concept of life force. The concept is used symbolically since by nature, it responds towards defying revealing nature of suppressive sub-urban life. This can be seen of first appearance of Annette Bening, where she’s cutting red roses. The activity is symbolic of cutting life force after which she reveals her emotional and spiritual control, during painfully stilted family dinner. The music background used in the scene where rose petals are seen floating everywhere assist in the creation of mood on the fact that the scenes are dream sequences, hence fantasy involved. However, American dream is represented through beautiful roses a s well as luxurious furniture. Lighting variations utilized is considered excellent, since there are no sign of major distractions from actions or conversations within various scenes. Green and somber soft light is utilized in the scene where Ricky’s father beat him up on the face. Afterwards, Ricky is seen wiping blood from his face with reflection through the mirror (â€Å"American Beauty†). ... On the issue of life force, Kevin Spacey is revealed as incapable of repressing sex as part of his sub-urban life force. This is revealed through his fantasies, where the object of his lust, Mena Suvari, is shown floating on bed of red rose petals, and in some instances soaking in tub covered with roses. In "visual pleasure and narrative cinema" Laura Mulvey presents interesting facts regarding sexual imagery on both men and women. A good example is on page 837 under the header, â€Å"Woman as Image, Man as Bearer of the Look†, where the concept as represented on this film is achieved. Elaboration on this aspect is found on the final encounter between Kevin Spacey and Mena Suvari where they are almost involved in sexual encounter; there is vase of red roses shown. Further, Mulvey uses a critic’s opinion of women in cinema through summary on the facts, ‘women only matter in film because of what they mean to the hero i.e. the man’ (Mulvey 837). On the same no te, Peter Gallagher depicts Annette Bening’s pent-up sexuality through bus stop posters having red background. Spacey uses red for the purposes of depicting rebellion based on individuality representing uncivilized impulse. The hot-rod of Spacey’s boyhood dreams is also represented by bright red color. Red is further used by Chris Cooper, the psycho ex-Marine to represent sexuality and assertion of individuality, the event on kissing between her and Kevin Spacey is crowned by bright red car in the background. Assertion of individual’s uniqueness in this film is represented in numerous ways making only few overcome the quest for freedom from control (â€Å"American Beauty†). Red is used as symbol of individualism

Coverage and value of bioEdit to bioinformatics Essay Example for Free

Coverage and value of bioEdit to bioinformatics Essay The study of Molecular Biology necessitates the in depth analysis and evaluation of molecules and their various compositions found in living things, particularly proteins or amino acids which were then identified to be the edifices of life. As time passed, molecular biologists realized the importance of going beyond the study of protein or amino acid structures, and focus on DNA and other nucleic acids which map out how life is formed, transformed, or reproduced. The study of the two most important molecular structures in living things – amino acids and nucleic acids – forms the foundation of Molecular Biology, as well as Genetics, as fields of science. (Horobin, 2003) In studying these acids, molecular biologists and geneticists need to determine their composition, structures, and sequences in order to identify how they are formed and identify their respective roles in building life. (Horobin, 2003) For the purpose of deeply understanding the importance of sequencing and realignment in Molecular Biology, as well as Genetics, we will focus on the subject of DNA. Molecular Biologists and Geneticists utilize the process of DNA sequencing by following established methodologies and standards. Because of enormous funding obtained from both public and private sectors that are extremely interested in advancing the field of genome sequencing, particularly for purposes of genetic modification and cloning, the DNA sequencing methodology has been continuously evolving in order to adapt new findings and trends that raise its reliability, validity, and efficiency. (Griffin Griffin, 1994) Sequencing and realignment of data and samples help Molecular Biologists and Geneticists create various patterns of DNA links or formation, assemble or disassemble structures for a deeper or more thorough analysis, create a map or graphic organizer which will instantly illustrate how enzymes or other substances are formed from base samples such as DNA, analyses of DNA samples and sequences in order to predict outcomes in protein formation, analyses of protein or amino acids in order to determine their specific features or characteristics, look for other structures or sequences within the database with similar characteristics and formations with the sample, and consequently aligning similar structures or sequences together in order to predict reactions, growth and development, and so on. (Griffin Griffin, 1994) Results from the sequencing, alignment, or realignment processes that are primary accomplished by resorting to bioinformatics tools such as BioEdit, constitute the information for proper DNA sequences in order to identify anomalies or flaws in other models or structures. This is most important in the field of medicine and health because it helps professionals determine serious diseases or illnesses that might be passed on through heredity, varying genes in order to alter anomalies or flaws within its structures, and such. Sequences and alignments also help further genetic cloning because it provides relevant information on how life may be reproduced in the process. Other practical uses of DNA sequencing and alignment include the improvement product formation, by determining how the formation of genes may be developed gearing towards constructiveness, particularly in the food industry. (Walker Rapley, 2000). BioEdit, as a tool for sequencing and aligning various molecules or substances such as DNA, nucleic acids, amino acids, etc. , is therefore extremely important in the realization of the goals of Molecular Biology and Genetics. Through its comprehensive services and features aside from sequencing and aligning, the application is able to help molecular biologists and geneticists thoroughly analyze sequences for various purposes aforementioned, consequently advancing not only their respective fields but other scientific industries as well including health care and medicine, psychology and behavior, farming and agriculture, food processing and production, genetics, etc.

Plant hormones Essay -- essays research papers

Plant hormones are specialized chemical substances produced by plants. They are the main internal factors controlling growth and development. Hormones are produced in one part of a plant and transported to others, where they are effective in very small amounts. Depending on the target tissue, a given hormone may have different effects. Plant hormones play an integral role in controlling the growth and development of plants. A plant hormone is generally described as an organic compound synthesized in one part of the plant and translocated to another part, where in low concentrations elicits a physiological response. There are five generally recognized classes of plant hormones; some of the classes are represented by only one compound, others by several different compounds. They are all organic compounds, they may resemble molecules which turn up elsewhere in plant structure or function, but they are not directly involved as nutrients or metabolites. Hormone  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Source  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Action Auxins  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  apical meristem (only moves down), embryo of seed, young leaves  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Control of cell elongation †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  apical dominance (prevents lateral buds) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  prevents abscission †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  continued growth of fruit †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  cell division in vascular and cork cambium --formation of lateral roots from pericycle --formation of adventitious roots from cuttings Gibberellins  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Roots and young leaves  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cell (stem) elongation (works in stems and leaves, but not roots) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  breaking seed/bud dormancy †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  stimulating fruit set Cytokinins  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  roots, embryos, fruits actively growing  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Promote cell division --signal axillary/lateral bud growth --prevent leaf abscission †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  chloroplast development †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  breaking dormancy in some seeds †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  enhance flowering †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  promote fruit development Abscissic Acid  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ... ...ascade ultimately resulting in modification of enzyme activity, altered metabolic processes, and different phenotypes. One thing plant hormones specifically control is gene expression. The exact mechanisms by which hormones regulate gene expression are poorly understood. Gene expression is part of a large amplification process. This process involves repeated transcription of DNA resulting in many copies of mRNA (1st amplification step); mRNA is processed and enters the cytoplasm where it is translated many times by ribosomes into a gene product such as an enzyme (2nd amplification step); enzymes are modified to become functional and capable of high catalytic activity even at low concentrations. They catalyze the production of many copies of an important cellular product (3rd amplification step). It is likely that gene regulation is affected by certain enzymes after initial hormone binding. Genes may be altered by secondary and tertiary messengers of a cellular cascade as well. Hormones may indirectly control gene expression through these enzymes and messengers at a number of control sites such as transcription, mRNA processing, mRNA stability, translation, and post-translation Plant hormones Essay -- essays research papers Plant hormones are specialized chemical substances produced by plants. They are the main internal factors controlling growth and development. Hormones are produced in one part of a plant and transported to others, where they are effective in very small amounts. Depending on the target tissue, a given hormone may have different effects. Plant hormones play an integral role in controlling the growth and development of plants. A plant hormone is generally described as an organic compound synthesized in one part of the plant and translocated to another part, where in low concentrations elicits a physiological response. There are five generally recognized classes of plant hormones; some of the classes are represented by only one compound, others by several different compounds. They are all organic compounds, they may resemble molecules which turn up elsewhere in plant structure or function, but they are not directly involved as nutrients or metabolites. Hormone  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Source  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Action Auxins  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  apical meristem (only moves down), embryo of seed, young leaves  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Control of cell elongation †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  apical dominance (prevents lateral buds) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  prevents abscission †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  continued growth of fruit †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  cell division in vascular and cork cambium --formation of lateral roots from pericycle --formation of adventitious roots from cuttings Gibberellins  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Roots and young leaves  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cell (stem) elongation (works in stems and leaves, but not roots) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  breaking seed/bud dormancy †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  stimulating fruit set Cytokinins  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  roots, embryos, fruits actively growing  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Promote cell division --signal axillary/lateral bud growth --prevent leaf abscission †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  chloroplast development †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  breaking dormancy in some seeds †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  enhance flowering †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  promote fruit development Abscissic Acid  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ... ...ascade ultimately resulting in modification of enzyme activity, altered metabolic processes, and different phenotypes. One thing plant hormones specifically control is gene expression. The exact mechanisms by which hormones regulate gene expression are poorly understood. Gene expression is part of a large amplification process. This process involves repeated transcription of DNA resulting in many copies of mRNA (1st amplification step); mRNA is processed and enters the cytoplasm where it is translated many times by ribosomes into a gene product such as an enzyme (2nd amplification step); enzymes are modified to become functional and capable of high catalytic activity even at low concentrations. They catalyze the production of many copies of an important cellular product (3rd amplification step). It is likely that gene regulation is affected by certain enzymes after initial hormone binding. Genes may be altered by secondary and tertiary messengers of a cellular cascade as well. Hormones may indirectly control gene expression through these enzymes and messengers at a number of control sites such as transcription, mRNA processing, mRNA stability, translation, and post-translation

Human Digestion Essay

The salivary glands are the first to react in the digestive process, which are usually triggered by either the sight or the smell of food. Food enters the digestive tract through the mouth where the teeth, tongue, and salivary glands help moisten and break down the food within minutes. The food then becomes something called a bolus, which will travel through the pharynx, then through the esophagus, and into the stomach. As the food travels through the pharynx the epiglottis is in place to prevent food from entering the lungs. Once the bolus enters the stomach it is broken down with acid secretions. The food is partially digested within the stomach. The bolus then becomes chyme (a semiliquid food). Chyme usually leaves the stomach during a time frame of 2-6 hours. The small intestine is where most of the digestion and nutrient absorption takes place with the help of secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The small intestine consists of three parts: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. Anything that is not absorbed in the small intestine then enters the large intestine travelling through the sphincter. The sphincter prevents any of the remaining food from re-entering the small intestine. The large intestine is made up of two major parts: the colon and the rectum. The colon aids in the absorption of leftover water, vitamins, or minerals. Anything left over after this process is considered waste product (feces) and is then excreted from the body via the anus, which  is attached to the colon. Reference Human Digestion Activity. Retrieved August 21, 2009 from http://corptrain.phoenix.edu/axia/sci241/sci241-digestivetract.html

Odor and Perfume

perfume COMMUNICATION AND ADVERTISING ‘CHANEL' Xing Cheng Zhao Qin Zeynep Sezer Chanel Perfume Background: What’s the different of the man and woman’s perfume Man perfume is generally vegetation type, lady perfume with floral majority And from perfume bottles can see it, man perfume scent-bottle mostly concise have edge, lady perfume bottles are mostly curve. Man perfume bottle of color with grey,black, blue, give priority to warm color Lady scent-bottle color is rich, have beige, pink, red, etc Key message: This product is a unisex perfume, so it cannot have obvious difference between man and woman. e should invite a artist to design a wonderful scent-bottle,a attractive bottle design will catch consumers’ eye . this will increase sales volume. Special features: Because to make both men and women can use, so perfume bottle cannot too feminine also cannot too hard, so two paragraphs are designed respectively scent-bottle may be better. Also we need to produ ce this unisex perfume which has unique flavor. This perfume will used by the couples who want to make their relationships strong. Another special feature is the products use an environment friendly materials which are biodegradable.There are still many problems of environmental protection in recent years. Our products with bio-degradable packaging. It is favorable to Protect the environment and can’t increase waste . Our target consumers: Our new perfume is produced for the young fashion people especially couple between 16-25 years old and who are living in english speaking countries. For our new product, we chose young generation because our product will launch in Valentine's day so we focus the young couples who wants to buy the present for each others. The other reseason of our target is: our product's lower price.We want to make the young people able to buy the product who have small budget. USP: As unique selling points, we focus on price. our unisex perfume is produced with lower price by well-known up market manufacture. Our customers choose our new product on basis of price with brand's quality. Media of Advertisement As a media advertisement using : TV commercial—-Use a storyboard to illustrate maybe invite famous star as a spokesperson to act the story. We decided to choose for our TV commercial as Robert Pattinson and Emma watson nowadays who are very famous and England stars.Because this is a unisex perfume, if use of television advertising can describe a love story illustrates this one perfume products. our main idea is reflected in this scent unisex, and romantic, aesthetic. The main storyline is a couple of strange men and women with the same fragrance, in passing, are each other on the same smell attracted, then fell in love! Because this kind of perfume is produced by a well-known up-market manufacturer,So the quality of products is believing,and it already have a lot of loyal customers.The company now wishes to enter the lower end of the market, the product’s price will be cheaper than other products of company. It is attractive to consumers, Wonderful perfume with cheap price . Radio spot—- write the script to make a radio play as a advertisement, including sound effects and music Magazine —-use famous star to take some fashion photograph and we are going to make the testers for customers in magazine. We make the people try our perfume in beauty shops and malls. Other media—- we use e-branding in facebook and the websites.We will inform the customers about our promotions and new product in Chanel's website. And also we use the billboard in street with the photograph's of our brand star. Special promotion This perfume’s key point is unisex, so special promotion is the perfume is a couple perfume, if a couple to buy lovers perfume, so that they can be presented a set of new product trial outfit. To launch the new perfume in Valentine's Day activities(make bundling perfume body lotion & shower gel) The products discount activities: buy one get 50% discount for the second one.

Leadership and Change Management Research

Leadership and Change Management Research Free Online Research Papers Introduction The ability to change and flexibility are important for the success of any organization. By using change models, businesses can assess the necessity for changes within their organization. Some of the changes that a business makes depend on the strategic plan, personalities of the employees, and the leadership styles that the employee’s personalities require. Our team has been asked to examine the differences in change models, leadership styles, challenges with change, and success factors of multiple organizations. By doing so our team can gain a better understanding of what models are appropriate to the organizations and how critical those models are to the organizations’ success. General Electric and Chrysler – Tawana Keels General Electric At the time, Jack Welch became CEO of General Electric the companies market value was $13 billion dollars, in 2000 when Jack Welch stepped down as CEO, market value was over $500 billion dollars, GE had became the most valuable company in the entire world (General Electric, 2010). When Jack became CEO, he attracted plenty of attention, although he was known for being a transformational leader, he was also known for being direct and abrasive, this much different from his predecessor (Business Week, 2004). Although he did not have a master plan for restructuring GE, he had a vision of what he wanted the company to be. Like CrysTel CEO, Jack Welch knew his company had to be flexible and adapt to constant change. Additionally, he knew the company would need a complete restructuring and a dismantling of the bureaucracy that existed within GE. But the concept of change would not be completely accepting by the staff at GE. Similar to CrysTel, Jack Welch encountered a great deal of resistance to change. According to our class material, resistance to change is an emotional response to actual or imagined threats to an established work routine (Kreitner Kinicki, 2004). Unfortunately, not all people have positive responses to change. Resistance to change is by fear, lack of trust, and unwillingness to discover new ideas. Implementing his vision would not be easy; his response to this issue would be swift and aggressive. He would initially sell off many unprofitable business lines and began trimming GE from â€Å"top down.† Second he would introduce the Work Out concept, a results-focused approach to solving problems (Business Week, 2004). Last, he would implement a quality program, which would process efficient first-class products. Although his response was swift and aggressive, they would put GE in an excellent position. However, during his first tenure, Jack would conduct mass lay-offs, more than 100,000 workers (25%) of the workforce would lose their jobs (Business Week, 2004). The outcome would garner many critics. Although his management strategy tends to more controversial, his contribution to General Electric will never be disputed. Chrysler America has been in worst economic situation since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Most businesses in America have seen a steep decline in consumer spending, which has had a considerable affect on the bottom line. The decline in consumer spending coupled with an increase in competition, consumers demand for innovative and economical solution to everyday life – businesses have been forced to change how they conduct business. This is the common issue for both CrysTel Communications and Chrysler Corporation are facing. CrysTel and Chrysler companies are finding that external forces are requiring them to be flexible and adapt to frequent change. Both must reexamine their organizational structure and implement new programs that will make them competitive to increase revenue and sales. Both have to be flexible and adapt to continuous change. Similar to CrysTel, the last two years the Chrysler Corporation has seen a consistent decrease in sales. To respond, the automaker under went a total restructuring, from hiring a new CEO, developing more fuel-efficient vehicles, to selling off its unprofitable assets, and terminating dealership agreements with 25% of its dealerships. However, this would prove not to be enough, to increase sales. In 2007 total American sales were down 3.1%, but the situation would prove to grow worse, the following year sales were down 30% (New York Times, 2009) Chrysler executives realized that the company would need financial help stay in business. To aid Chrysler in continuing their operations, the federal government loaned the company almost seven billion dollars (Voice of America, 2009) During the spring of last year, the Chrysler Corporation filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection coincidently, the CEO announced he would leave as once the bankruptcy was over (Voice of America, 2009) Additionally, Chrysler would receive more funding from the US Government, more than one billion to be exact. For Chrysler, the following year would be even worse, in 2009 sales dip below one million – the worst sales figures in almost 50 years. During this transition, Chrysler hired a new CEO Sergio Marchionne – for 2010 he says his goal is to sale 1.1 million cars (USA Today, 2010). Palos and South Deering Supply Corporation – Debra Newcombe Palos Palos is a medium-sized, well-established manufacturing company that has six plants nationwide and approximately 4700 employees. Palos (fictitiously named because of the three-year involvement with the program) has agreed to involve its management and employees in a Management by Objectives (MBO) program to determine if the company has sufficient job satisfaction levels. The MBO survey done on Palos is the same MBO implemented with Purex Corporation with favorable results including better communication and understanding of the company’s goals (Donnelly, Ivancevich, Lyon, 1970). The personnel manager handled every aspect of the MBO at Palos, but before initiating the program a questionnaire referred to as the Porter job satisfaction instrument was distributed to the managers. After finishing the questionnaire, the initial findings for the long-term goals were formally documented and given to all levels of management. Long-term goals are important in determining â€Å"what the company would like to become† (Kinicki Kreitner, 2003, p. 92). After the company’s long-term goals were set, each department determined the short-term goals and submitted those plans to the personnel department. Short-term goals are important in an organization because they lay the foundation for the long-term goals. Then the managers set one-year goals and distributed copies to supervisors and subordinates for their review. Goal-setting has always been important in organizations to determine if employees are motivated and have a sense of job satisfaction. However, unlike CrysTel, whose surveys were geared toward all personnel, Palos presented surveys to management only. This type of leadership style is defined as directive leadership, in which employees are not involved with decisions and company goals. CrysTel’s management is defined as a servant-leader type relationship with subordinates because of the company’s involvement with the company’s long-term, short-term goals, and job satisfaction surveys. The differences in leadership styles between CrysTel and Palo’s is that CrysTel empowers all employees to make decisions about goals and needs, Palos does not. At the time of the survey, the challenges with Palos are the negative feedback for the implementation of additional paperwork the new goals set forth. The future challenges for Palos management is to teach them to become leaders versus managers, empower employees, and develop teams to reach short and long-term goals. South Deering Supply Corporation Like Palos, South Deering (whose real company name was also withheld) is a medium-sized, well-established organization with about 4,000 employees. Unlike Palos, South Deering has only one plant in a small Midwestern town. South Deering agreed to perform the MBO on its employees and also chose to use management as a catalyst for this study. South Deering chose top managers to teach the philosophies of the study to the other employees (Donnelly, Ivancevich, Lyon, 1970). South Deering’s approach to the MBO mirrored that of Palos with the long and short-range goals implemented by the managers. The exceptions to the similarity were that the goals at South Deering were submitted to a committee for review and the evaluation of goal attainment was done every three months instead of annually. As with Palos, the management at South Deering were directive as well, but the outcome of the results were different with South Deering as it boasted more positive results in employee needs satisfaction. The study infers the difference between the outcomes at Palos and South Deering is the involvement at South Deering with the top managers in goal-setting rather than the personnel manager used at Palos. Personnel managers are far less apt to express the results of goals in a quantifiable measurement than top managers. Another positive outcome in the study referred to the shorter frequency of review on the goals as a contributing factor to the MBO’s success. Palos and South Deering Supply Corporation Synopsis’s Like CrysTel, Palos and South Deering’s employees had low levels of job satisfaction, which prompted the need for the MBO’s implementation. CrysTel’s employees were more involved in the survey process than Palos and South Deering, which enabled CrysTel to empower its employees and teams to set specific goals and create motivation. Palos and South Deering could learn by benchmarking CrysTel’s methods to increase employee satisfaction and motivate employees through goal-setting and education. The feedback process showed significant improvements for both Palos and South Deering after the MBO was implemented. Although issues still existed, both companies had a solid base for which to put motivational theories to work. Using the Expectancy Theory of Motivation, both Palos and South Deering management would benefit from involving themselves in communicating standards to the employees, provide valid performance ratings, and set rewards accordingly. By implementing these steps, management could promote a positive work environment and insure future motivational goal setting participation. The leadership styles for Palos and South Deering should better suit the new MBO objectives. Because of Palos and South Deering’s former objectives, the directive style worked well for the employees; however, the new objectives promote the need for a more charismatic leadership style, which managers can use to motivate employees to be more involved in goal-oriented activities. In addition to the charismatic leadership style, Palos and South Deering could also benefit from the transactional leadership style for their management to promote a better relationship between the employees and management, something that either company has been able to achieve in the past. CrysTel was able to implement leadership changes within their organization from high structure – low consideration leadership to total employee empowerment within the teams. Ford Motor Company and General Motors – Donna Ray CrysTel has strong top executives, but its departmental leadership skills especially in the Marketing and Sales departments need to improve. With transformational leadership providing timely feedback and motivation in these departments, CrysTel will be able to adjust better its changing market conditions and provide smoother transitions during these times of change. Ford Motor Company In 2000 Ford Motor Company wanted to develop and improve their leadership skills and become more consumers friendly. Fords 2000 Corporate Citizen Report Chairman, William Clay Floyd, said the difference between a good and an excellent company is: A good company provides quality goods and services; an excellent one provides excellent goods and services and attempts to make the world a better place (Friedman, 2001). Ford began to look for ways to transform into a consumer focused company as a means of guaranteeing long-term financial success, and Ford understood this transformation would require leadership. Ford decided to develop the Leadership Development Center that offered a sequence of leadership programs that focus more on Fords core principles. Ford’s leadership programs created training for the development of transformational leaders through action learning, like Quantum Idea Projects (QIP) that promote critical and creative thinking, e-tools like the Internet and e-mail, incorporate work and life, and create business contact financially and organizationally (Friedman). This approach is what Ford identifies as total leadership. Over the course of these trainings through the Learning Development Center, members who worked with Quantum Idea Projects have developed effectively 600 projects with major business contacts, and a Ford’s current Supplier and Business Leadership project has seen $300 in profit for each vehicle (Friedman, 2001). The main focus of Ford’s Leadership Development Center is to build leaders with a consumer mindset, to incorporate full leadership, and to strengthen business alliances and be open to new ideas. Key Findings CrysTel could gain ideas from Ford by considering a leadership development program. CrysTel has come across constant changes in the unstable telecommunications market, and it will need quality leadership in its Marketing and Sales departments to supervise and grow with these changes. Leaders change his or her company through their vision, communication, and ability to build commitment (McShane Von Glinow, 2004). Alternative Solutions Although CrysTel presently has good upper management leaders; a leadership development program could be develop to help improve leadership styles and skills in its Marketing and Sales departments and direct the development of training programs centered on CrysTels core principles and a changing culture. General Motors The Service Parts Operations (SPO) of General Motors is in charge of ensuring GM dealers, distributors, and vendors have the correct part at the right time at the correct price (Davis, Lucas, Marcotte, 1998). Although SPO employees gave an account of strong financial performances and output, the divisions general manager, Bill Lovejoy, learned that the SPO division was not meeting its customers needs. Lovejoy believed that the next level of productivity could be accomplish with the evaluation of leadership style and managerial skills, and so Lovejoy hired Design Dimensions International (DDI) to evaluate desired management competencies, perform the training, and offer individual coaching (Davis, Lucas, Marcotte, 1998). The evaluation was executed over a two-day period on a direct group of managers, clerks, and supervisors. After evaluations were performed each employee developed a training plan with his or her DDI coach who focused on management simulations and skills like developing accountability, communication, and customer relations. Training assessments and follow-ups are an ongoing process. The data result from the pilot group was compare to those of a controlled group and the results were remarkable. First, the pilot group saw major improvements with role clearness and personal influence, available resources, and the use of personal skills and acknowledgment. The performance ratings for the pilot employees outweighed those of the control group in areas: schedule achievement, excellence, production, health and safety, and absenteeism. The productivity improvement resulted in nearly $4.4 million savings to the operating budget (Davis, Lucas, Marcotte, 1998). Key Findings CrysTel could benefit from the works of an outside group who could assess their current leadership proficiencies. Proficiencies cover a broad range of personal characteristics like knowledge, skills, abilities, and values (McShane Von Glinow, 2004). Improved leadership will help CrysTel build a culture that can sustain continual change. Alternative Solutions If the budget allows, CrysTel could employ one or two consultants to evaluate leadership proficiencies and develop personalized training programs that center on communication, and adjust to change. Department of Health and JC Penney – Tamira Summers Department of Health Technology, size and strategy increased in ways that decreased positive attitudes and caused resistance for the WIC program within the organization. Although new technology is important, the state continues to work in a DOS system. The strategy is serves clients more efficiently and quickly to reach more of the public that needs the service. Later as statistic reviews are discussed and shared with corporate and county departments, will help solidify the cost, use, and contract of the software. Looking at new technology advances will takes retraining for new comers not familiar with DOS programs or have not used DOS in years. As the state contracts with different vendors for functional software that assists various programs with doing daily job duties, the use of it is exciting. Workers can work faster and provide services more proficiently. On the other hand, as the new programs are used more often, the possibility of an overload can occur which may cause it to shut down more frequently. This would account for the popularity of the program, meaning it started small and became bigger and bigger. What happens is that it allows us to service the public more and the more we service our system appears not to handle the traffic well. This means that more ram, memory and all that good technology talk needs revamping. The WIC provides women, infant and children with dietary counseling to ensure they are eating healthier during pregnancy, postpartum, and the children up to age five. As clients receive counseling, many are excited about the new foods they will receive for the children but also their self. The checks have increased with numerous amounts of food and variety of foods listed, but at the same time, foods they were able to purchase either have been changed or eliminated from the program. One of the most challenging educational explanations for milk is the decrease in percentage. Many believe they should be able to have what they had before and continue to challenge Nutritional Educators saying, â€Å"My child will not drink anything other than whole milk or two percent.† Other challenges also include wanting milk that the hospital gives and the program uses another company name whose formula is compatible. It requires a medical referral to receive other brands because there is a particular reason for needing that brand. Others include simple complaints such as â€Å"the bread is hard to find† or â€Å"I waited for this formula to come in and it never did; now my check has expired.† Simple solution, go to another store and find it. Most clients are excited and share the newly imposed foods and benefits to their friends or family. JC Penney As a major chain in retail, JC Penney desire is to make shopping a pleasure and price merchandise within the general consumer budget. As a previous employee, the company sold cosmetics. These brands were sister brands some big box retailers and sought to service ethnic groups of all sorts. In addition, some lines were very European and rare to see at that time in JC Penney. As the economy changed, the cosmetic and fragrance lines were discontinued. In an effort to introduce other strategic move, the space use for accessories took over. Other departments expanded their space and were able to increase in merchandise; other areas underwent a redesign such as jewelry. Resizing other departments indicated a strategy move to increase in revenue and meet more of the consumer demands. With the missing cosmetic market, JC Penney could not compete with other major department stores such as Dillard’s, Belk’s and Parisian at that time. â€Å"Also a re-introduction of cosmet ics included the installation of Sephora inside JC Penney located in some key stores. Beginning in 2007 the store slogan changed from â€Å"It’s All Inside† to â€Å"Every Day Matters.† Many major cosmetic designers sought companies that had the look of what they wanted to sell as well as the type of clients they wanted to sell to. Looking forward, the strategic move to eliminate the department did not just vanish. After years of going without a cosmetic department, Sephora introduced itself once again as a partner with JC Penney. Desiring to compete and meet the customer request along with many other back office dealings, Sephora brought added life to the company. This strategic move was necessary for competition but also to reenter a competitive cosmetic market with the help of another prominent line that caters to a variety of cultures. Technological bases in this industry focuses on Internet telecommunication, material, and biotechnology. JCPenny’s is a giant in apparel retail; the right material is necessary and must provide a form of comfort to customers. Take for instance, the new sketcher shoes designed to help support the back and strengthen muscles in the legs, hips, and butt area. The technical design of the shoe provides a heel to toe rocking motion that guides the proper walking notion. The same is cosmetics, which the chemical balance is necessary to support the natural body’s hormonal reactors. Most current is the anti-aging serums. JC Penney realizes the market for vanity is serious and is a multibillion-dollar industry. In addition, this line of cosmetics is fun, trendy, and sophisticated meeting ages of sorts. In addition, JC Penney offers online purchasing and phone purchases. Without some of the technological advances in Internet and telecommunications, some clients would not shop at their favorite store. The company continues to grow in popularity and size. The need to build in convenient locations as well as go international is reason to adapt to change. Compare and Contrast Department of Health for Duval County technological advances are state approve. For new software and machines to come into the different sights for our division has identified the need for it. The new program implemented helps increase in speed and accuracy of serving the public, which the division caters to. Better technology in programming removes the use of a DOS system despite functions used to input information. As more and technology programs are designed to meet the functions of government programs, the use of old technology will completely disappear and eventually the state will meet more challenges with precision. JC Penney technology avenues have increased with Internet shoppers and transforming them into buyers. â€Å"In 1998, J.C. Penney launched its third channel for shopping convenience. Its Internet store has grown into one of the largest apparel and home furnishings retail sites on the Internet. Among its general merchandise peers, the on-line store has the highest rate (10.1%) of converting site visitors into buyers.† Between Internet and telecommunications, JC Penney continues to compete not just in the physical store but virtually as well. The both meet the needs of the consumer, but one lags behind in the combination of Windows and DOS programming. The move to reach the consumer is greater for JC Penney because of the technological advances and apparel industry. In order for Department of Health to reach the consumer is more challenging because the use of some technology such as the Internet is not readily available to clients, but word of mouth is an important tool relied upon to attract the clients we need. Department of Health size is based on the size of the county and the number of residents that need the program. Jacksonville, Florida is the largest county here and the number of residents is over 800,000. Our goal is to service at least 95% of the county. Many also come from neighboring counties, but they are not without their county division. Because of the size of the county, more opportunity is here to reach those in need. Surrounding counties have only one office clients can travel to. Thanks to funding and clients, the county has more offices for WIC, but also for medical attention and dental attention. JC Penney started business in 1902 and continues to thrive decades later. Almost going bankrupt, this retail leader has survived more challenges than many other departments who eventually closed its doors. In this current age, JC Penney moves forth in size and has retailer itself to meet fashion trends, refocus areas of greater need and continues to grow as a retail giant. Once introducing cosmetics and doing away with its cosmetic department, the company was able to expand in different areas meeting a different consumer demand for apparel and accessories. As the organization revisited the cosmetic industry, it reintroduced its self with a new hot and trendy cosmetic line named Sephora. This company contracted with JC Penney and increased the cliental and financial reward of this industry. One company size can focus on demographical need; the other industry can focus on a need to clothe the demographical area. It also relies on another industry that attracts clients through media, marketing, and trend. The other attracts customers through a need and not a desire. One helps feed the population and the other feeds off the population. This may be an unfair analysis, but respectively true to its industry. The Department of Health strategy is based on grants through the United States Government. Identifying and analyzing the needs of the public, there is a strategic analysis that shows the state why requests are in need. Statistics such as infant mortality, obesity, doctor visits and so on indicate why new programs or increase funding for existing programs are in need. Forecasting for the future to reach a percentage of customers will set forth other strategies that will continue to offer help to those in need. JC Penney strategy is trend focus. To remain competitive and meet consumer desires, the company relies of buyers and designers to set forth the next wave of colors, materials, cuts, chemical serums and technology use to help set the stage for upcoming changes. Virtual communication has led the company to implement a new shopping habit through Internet use. Technology is the future and seeking ingenious technological outlets to meet and exceed consumer desires are all part of the ability to forecast strategic moves. Conclusion The ability to change and adapt are important in today’s organizations. Change models assist businesses in developing goal-setting skills and understanding employees. Organizations that can identify specific leadership skills among their managers can implement changes such as education and training to improve their performance as well as the performance of the employees with whom they supervise. Empowering employees with the ability to make decisions, be creative, and provide input can be a valuable asset to any organization. Our team was asked to research and assess multiple companies that have endured change and continue to be successful because of their flexibility. References Business Week (2004). Jack Welch: Management Evangelist. Retrieved from businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_43/b3905032_mz072.htm Davis, S. R., Lucas, J. H., Marcotte, D. R., (1998, April). GM links better leaders to better business. Workforce, 77(4): 62-64:66+, Retrieved February 28, 2007, from RDS Business Suite database. Donnelly, J., Ivancevich, J., and Lyon, H. A Study of The Impact of Management By Objectives On Perceived Need Satisfaction. Personnel Psychology; Summer70, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p139-151, 13p. Retrieved January 24, 2010 from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=6263059site=ehost-live Friedman, S. D., (2001, March). Leadership DNA: The Ford Motor story: Training Development, 55(3), Retrieved February 28, 2007, from RDS Business Suite database. General Electric (2010). GE Past Leaders: John F. Welch Jr., Biography. Retrieved from ge.com/company/history/bios/john_welch.html JC Penney (2009). JC Penney: Then Now. Retrieved January 24, 2010 from www.JC Penney-coupons.com Kinicki, A., Kreitner, R., 2003. Organization Behavior, Sixth Edition. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies McShane, S. Von Glinow, M., (2004). Organizational behavior: Emerging realities for the workplace revolution (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. New York Times. (2009). A short history of Chrysler. Retrieved from nytimes.com/2009/05/01/business/01history.html USA Today. (2010). Chrysler CEO Promises Five New Models for 2010. Retrieved from http://content.usatoday.com/topics/article/Brands/Automotive/Jeep+Grand+Cherokee /0fg78aW4eq5Vd/1 Voice of America. (2009). Obama Reject GM, Chrysler Bailout Plans. Retrieved from http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-2009-03-30-voa37-68812652.htm Research Papers on Leadership and Change Management ResearchAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemTwilight of the UAWOpen Architechture a white paperIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductResearch Process Part OneDefinition of Export QuotasBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfPETSTEL analysis of India

Editing Essay

Editing Essay Editing Essay After youve finished the revision process, you still have one more step to do. Whereas the writer focuses on ideas and structure in the revision process, the editing process involves checking for errors in grammar, spelling, and word choice. An essay full of errors is unlikely to inspire confidence in readers, so check your draft carefully. The following tips will help you as you move through the editing process. Editing Essay Tips Again, put your essay aside for a day after you complete the revision process. At this point, youve gotten used to seeing the same errors, and you may not be able correct as many. Be aware of your habitual mistakes. Do you constantly get marked down for commas? Have teachers commented on your poor spelling? Think about past errors and make a commitment to correct them. Use the editing process more than once, since it will take time and effort to find every error. Move through the essay slowly and point to each word as you read so you dont speed through the essay too quickly: Place a ruler under each line so your eye doesnt wander ahead. Reading your work aloud can help you to catch many mistakes, especially word choice errors. Trust your instinctsif you have a feeling something isnt right, take a closer look or ask a teacher or workshop partner for advice. Learn grammatical rules so you know how to both find and correct errors. Having a good grammar handbook can make a world of difference. Use a computer. However, dont overly rely on grammar and spell checks to catch every error. A computer can in fact be wrong sometimes, so dont let your program automatically change words or structure. Workshop your essay with another student. A peer editing toolkit, which is enormously helpful for guiding these workshops, appears on the University of Buffalos Writing Strategies Web site. Last but not least, check for typing errors. These include incorrect margins, inappropriate font sizes, and strange spacing. Editing Essay Service If you need help with editing or writing your essay, you may confidently use our professional services. We employ the best essay writers and editors who can write a perfect essay for you or make your own writing flawless! We deliver well-written and thoroughly-edited essays without delay. We are able to help with any assignment within the shortest deadlines! Popular posts: Help Editing Essay Editing Editorial Essay Topics Editing Essay Editing Essay Online

Brand Creation and Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brand Creation and Advertising - Essay Example In the era of rapid globalization, global advertising is important element of creating and maintaining enviable market position of products across the globe. Effective brand advertising therefore, facilitates good market positioning of the products and holds true for all type of companies, wishing to expand and exploit global market to gain necessary leverage. Hamsini Shivkumar’s article on the challenges faced in global advertising are succinct and give useful insight into the factors that can make or break the global positioning of the products across globe. Brand creation and advertising are very important part of market strategy. While ‘brand building is needed because products are the same’ (Kotler, 2005), advertising creates the necessary awareness amongst the segmented market to promote and influence the buying decisions of the public. Effective brand advertising therefore, facilitates good market positioning of the products and holds true for all type of companies, wishing to expand and exploit global market to gain necessary leverage. Taking cognizance of the following factors would promote global marketing campaigns of the products: Effective communication is important tool to overcome the barrier of language and socio-psychological paradigms of global community. Facilitating easy access to information brightens the scope of retaining the customers. With so much choice in the open market, one must advertise the unique advantages of the products and their usefulness to draw in new customers while keeping the old. The customer is always interested in the end result of his purchase so he needs to be shown the extra benefits that he would be getting on the purchase! Segmentation of the market as per the demographic compulsions is yet another factor that contributes towards more dominant market position vis-à  -vis common needs and concept that reaches across the race, culture, color and nationality.